Management and the Cultural Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and the heathenish Industries - Essay shellThus, finis is a myriad of different aspects of cab bet including formalized and unofficial systems. (Davey) As glossiness is evolving ceaselessly by the developments around the society, industries such as the media which include print, radio, television, music, entertainment among others represent the culture of a society and also influence it to a certain period. These industries, that be known as ethnical industries produce cultural texts, which are manifestations of the prevailing, culture for example An American Brat by Bapsi Sidhwa is a book that represents the culture of Zoroastrians and how it is unnatural by moving to a Western country and integrating into a different cultural environment. Cultural industries create cultural texts which can be anything from books to music to newspapers and flair. In America, during the time of flower power, the music and the fashion represented and promoted the culture of that p eriod expressing harmony and bohemianism. However, cultural industries are influenced by other factors beside the prevailing culture itself such as the governing bodyal scenario and economic conditions, they are driven by profit and often the texts are dependent on revenue and commercialism rather true creative representations of culture. Thus, this report focuses on the extent to which cultural texts are affected by political and economic factors. Culture and the political economic system The political economy approach to culture focuses on how the intersection and distribution systems governing the cultural industries affect culture and cultural texts. The approach focuses on the interaction of political systems, economics, state institutions, social institutions and everyday life. The political and economic factors in a society determine to a great extent which faces of culture are promoted and which are neglected due to the dependence of cultural industries on revenue and profit and the power wielded by the state. (Kellner, 1999) This approach includes the conflict between the communist and capitalist approach. A capitalist economy would be focused on achieving the most with regards to revenue and thus focus on the popularity and profitability of the text whereas the communist economy would be more sensitive to political power and be restricted by it. However, even in a democratic capitalist setting the state would be involved in media matter regarding products such as cigarettes advertising, thus influencing the content of cultural texts. (Kellner, 1999) THE US AND EUROPEAN APPROACH The two main political economy approaches to cultural texts are the US and the European. The US model is the Schiller-McChesney tradition which focuses on the use of power and teaching media. The European approach focuses on cultural industries and the commodifying of culture. It addresses the information and entertainment side and focuses on the creation, production an d delivery of cultural texts as well the audience responses. It inserts the creators of text authors, musicians, performers and others in the context of the market. (Cultural Approaches to Economy and the Media, 2010) cultural TEXTS AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL The political economy approach identifies how cultural texts are affected by government control. However, in a free market economy cultural texts generated through cultural industri

Product Lunch Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Lunch Presentation - Essay ExampleHowever, these advancements had their equal share of success and failure. They were in like manner associated with severe criticism criticism which resulted from fatal or minor errors committed by practitioners, which have prove to be detrimental to a patients life. In addition to that, the scope of these advancements was only exceptional to carrying out basic medical numbers and even after that they came at a great cost. This deficiency in the field of medical practices combined with the desire of human being to have a healthy and comfortable lifestyle fixd researchers and scientists all over the world to come up with an innovative view. That is when the concept of robotics was introduced into health divvy up transcription all over the world just like it is used in the field of construction, manufacturing and information technology. Robotics in health care system also witnessed a rapid advancement since the metre of its inception. exclusively there were disadvantages associated with this technology that came in the form of huge size, high cost of crossroadionion and maintenance. Thus the idea of making it portable and cost effective came into limelight and thus efforts were fostered in to achieving this goal. Till now mixed portable health robots have been developed which can perform basic level medical procedures simply some disadvantages associated with them are that they are not user friendly and that their functionality is limited to a certain extent. This is where a new innovation called MY HEALTHY ROBOT developed by me/my company fits into the health care system thereby addressing the deficiencies noted in this line of operation. MY HEALTHY ROBOT WHAT IS IT? My healthy robot is a user friendly portable health care device which provides an in depth analysis of a invitees health thereby giving easy to read description of the clients health status as output. Since the output can be easily analyzed b y anybody, hence it disqualifies the exact for visiting a doctor to get the results analyzed. It is an advanced device which provides the client with a painless procedure (no needle method) to examine blood sugar level. This process is called the Swab Saliva Process which would only take up the client to swab saliva and stick it inside the device and wait for a few legal proceeding and thereafter the robot will dispense the health report. This will offer the client with a at rest method of examining his blood without having to wait for countless of hours in the doctors chamber and that too in empty stomach. It displays accurate results within a span of few minutes and hence it is less time consuming. The product also has an additional feature called the My baby mode which will be helpful for enceinte women or anyone taking care of a baby. MY HEALTHY ROBOT PRICING OPTION & FACILITIES According to Allen & daring (2004), toll of a product or service is a critical factor which a ttracts and engages customers with the attribute of the product or service. Similar theory has been explained by Anderson & Simester (2003). Product price in general can influence the purchasing decision of a customer (Bizer & Petty, 2002 Coulter, 2001). It can be explained by the fact that buying the product will depend upon the purchasing power of the customer. In light of these theories, efforts have been made to keep the price of the product at an appropriate level in order make the product available to

Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Audit - Essay ExampleIt has no intentions of growing thru expansion, enter into new contract (due to limitations of financial capability), or withdraw any line of phone line it is representing. All the lines it is representing ar selling well and have contributed to the revenues earned by the company.Marketing activities of the company are direct and not very excessive. They do it on tradeshows, exhibits, and do lot of announcements thru social media and e-mails. Since company is especial(a) to loyal customers, up-dating them on company products is easily done.Yes, cost-reduction steps can be taken. Cost reduction is enforced by observe of monthly operating costs and trying to figure out which expense could be limited. Company practices cost reduction on variable expenses such as travel, representation, energy consumption and motley expenses.Control procedures of the company are accounting controls, cash control, separation of duties, documentation of all transactions and unbe ndable audits. They are adequate controls to ensure that employees are performing their duties honestly and in accordance with companys objectives.Yes, direction performs periodic analysis of operation in all its angles thru the establishment of a performance goal. Here, management and employees sit down and talk how to accomplish the goals and objectives of the company by setting a specific bulls eye in a specified time. Each company assigned with different tasks, agree to set a specific goal of accomplishments. Management monitors accomplishments regularly, or as often as monthly.Yes, this also is monitored very tight on a weekly basis. Internal control is established as a process of monitoring marketing costs and its relative profitability. This process is the responsibility of the Accounting

The Merger of Granda and Compass Research Proposal

The Merger of Granda and Compass - Research Proposal ExampleThe success/failure of the nuclear fusion reaction go forth be analysed according to theEconomies of scale This refers to the fact that the combined company can often reduce replica departments or operations, lowering the costs of the company relative to theoretically the same revenue stream, thus change magnitude profit.2Many authors have dealt with the issue of clarity and understandability of the topic of mergers. Most of the research studies be aimed at chartering the factors, which motivate the management of the companies to undertake the decision of merger and the benefits or the lossesThe study of mergers and acquisitions foc uses on understanding what motivates managers to engage in this type of activity and the impact that mergers and acquisitions have on shareowner returns. Mostly the main aim of the companies for mergers could be empire building through growth in size, sales, and assets. 3Mostly the motivat ion for the merger involve the increase in the market gains, the competitive vantage in shape of technological advancement, and the increase in the strength of the companies. In some cases the HR practices also improves as the result of these mergers.Efficiency improvements can be gained from synergy of target and bidding firms due to economies of scale and use of excess capacity. Recent studies stated that value creation couldnt be achieved in case of horizontal merger. 4 5 6 The entity formed by the merger of Granada and Compass, Granada Compass, was 66.25% owned by Granada shareholders and 33.75% by those of Compass. The merger proposal said that prior to the IPO, Granada Media was expected to be capitalised with no net debt. At the end of march 2000, Granadas net debt was 1.9bn and Compasss was 1.1bn.In a joint statement Granada and Compass said that they expect their combined businesses to be better placed to exploit the significant growth opportunities in each of its core mar kets and to benefit from the confederacy of its complementary businesses. 7On the other hand the horizontal merger of Bell south and AT&T is expected to provide both the companies with the following advantages.Cross selling Through the merger the companies occasion enable to sell their products to the customers of the other company. The natural combination of two will improve the services provided to the customers. financial Benefits The merger of both the companies will lead to a financial benefits for stockholders of both companies an expected net nowadays value of $18 billion in synergies resulting from a more than $2 billion annual fertilize rate in synergies expected in 2008, growing to $3 billion in 2010. 8 On the other hand the expected merger will lead to accrete AT&T change earnings per share in 2008, double-digit adjusted EPS growth in each of next three historic period (earnings adjusted for merger integration costs and amortisation of intangibles) and significant g rowth in free specie flow after dividends in 2007 and 2008. 9Geographical or other diversification Another advantage

Lamic2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lamic2 - Essay Exampleb. The U.S. Department of wear provides a comparison of the federal minimum lock and different state minimum wages at Minimum Wage Laws in the States. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics provides updated information on average wages, by state, at 2000 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates. equality the average wages of waiters in Texas, New York, and one state with a minimum wage beneath the federal level (this will be found in the category Food Preparation and avail Related Occupations). If the minimum wage were to go up by $0.50, where do you think it would withstand the sterling(prenominal) effect on restaurant costs? on unemployment? What does this tell you about what stage in the transaction cycle (for example, during a recession or during a boom) an increase in the minimum wage is more than likely to be approved? Ans The average wage of a waiter per hour is $6.66 in Texas, $8.16 in New York, and $7.11 in Wyoming. If the minimum wage wer e to go up by $0.50, it would have the greatest effect on the state that offers the lowest minimum wage which is Texas. On the other hand, the increase would have the greatest effect on unemployment on restaurant costs of states whose minimum wage is below the federal level, which, in this case is Wyoming. ... On the other hand, costs for users are usually higher because the supply of dim substances are usually low. If this substance were legal, producers would incur higher costs and users would enjoy a lower worth for it. 2. Lesson 8 3. Graphing the Demand Curve (21 points) Imagine that the owner of your favorite veggie taco stand changes the value of a tacos randomly each day. How many tacos you eat each day depends only on the legal injury that day, not on the previous price or which day it is. You cannot store tacos. Fill out the future(a) have chart using your own preferences for tacos, that is, if the price is as indicated at left, how many tacos will you bargain for? R emember, use your own preferences. The answers will depend on how much you like tacos, how hungry you are at lunchtime, and how much money you want to spend for lunch. There is no right or wrong answer. expense of a 4 oz. regular taco How many tacos will you eat at this price? 0.00 3 0.25 2 0.50 2 1.00 1 1.50 1 2.00 1 2.50 1 4.00 1 10.00 0 a. Graph your entreat function, placing price on the vertical axis. Is your demand for tacos linear? What happens to the family as price increases? Ans The demand for tacos has a more exponential relationship with price, rather than linear. As price increases, demand for tacos approaches zero. b. Is there a positive or negative relationship between price and your demand for tacos? Does the slope get steepish or flatter as price increases more? Ans There is a negative relationship between price and my demand for tacos. The slope gets steeper as price increases. 4. Choosing Optimal Consumption (28 points) Microeconomics, Chapter 7, caper

Marketing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Marketing Research - Essay Examplech year, one one million million million girls become pregnant, and $25 billion in federal funds are spent annually on families begun by teenagers for social, health welfare services. One million Ameri enkindles are currently infected with HIV, and almost a quarter million have died from AIDS(di mauro,1995). Research evidence is on record that consumer tends to regard promiscuous/subsidized goods as inferior and has general reluctance to go in for their purchase .Whereas anything priced goes through a detailed consumer decision making process in terms of exercising choice and ascertaining quality of the bought item. This holds for subprogram of condoms too.For this reason social marketing of condoms have a market strategy to price for affluent in order to subsidize poor. DKT-Brazil is a case in point it sells condoms at full price to almost and uses some of the profits to subsidize condom sales to the poor(DKT,2002).People would tend to use more, a priced condom then(prenominal) a free/subsidized one. Market research is essential for successful marketing and promotion of condoms. conservatively curriculumned research helps guide the product design and selection, package design, advertising and promotion, and distribution. Market research can also help to identify proper pricing with in various segments. The brand name and forwarding leave important message for customer at the point of sale and again at the quantify of use and it is important that such messages facilitate purchase and use of the condoms. Quite similar to disparate advertising messages for varying target groups, it may be required to vary brand names and packaging messages for different target groups. Market research can help in such selection of brand names and package designs. Thus we have an effective list of data variables that a market research plan may aim to collect as pertinent information. A list of such variables is carried below.The most l arge problem in carrying out primary consumer research for Condoms is the extended and hard-shelled hesitation of

Are U.S. CEOs overpaid Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Are U.S. CEOs overpaid - Research Paper ExampleEven if they did non occupy such positions, state with a firm educational background and effective leadership skills should be paid much much than the rest of the population. The publics outcry is not entirely misguided nonetheless, there are facts backup the high earnings entitled to the CEOs and it remains unclear whether capping CEO salaries will contribute to business success. This idea explores whether US CEOs are overpaid. Statistics According to Kaplan, US CEOs are arguably overpaid (6). According to Walsh, some of the potential triggers of the profligate salaries of CEOs include too much influence, negligent boards of directors, weak compensation consultants, and formulation of salary scales through transport options among others (73). According to Kay and vanguard Putten, in 1970, the number Chief Executive Officer earned about $700,000 (189). The occur was 25 time the earning of an average production employee. Three decades later, CEO salaries had risen to almost $2.2 million, 90 times more than the salary of an average worker (Kay, and Van Putten, 190). Kaplan argues that with an increase in the value of stocks and other allowance, the average CEO currently earns amidst 250-500 times the average employees salaries (7). ... Any employee in the technology fabrication is aware this average salary would hardly hire a well-educated administrative staff in technology-intensive sectors in the United States. According to Thomas and Hill, current CEOs serve shorter terms compared to CEOs of the late twentieth century, wherefore the sharp rise in the earnings (19). The high rise in CEO salaries may be attributed to the fact that the officers are uncertain about what would happen next. Capitalism seems to have entered the corporate sector to the level that CEO may see it better to earn as much as they can when in such positions (Kay, and Van Putten 191). According to Walsh, todays CEOs are virtually c arrying out the same duties as their predecessors who earned a much less, but this is not the case with line workers (75). Whereas, the salary gap between a top executive and the average employee calls for a review of the rules to narrow it, Kaplan argues that rectifying the discrepancy may not be achieved (6). Owing to the fact that CEO salaries top the list of salary scales in most organizations, theirs prevail to be fodder to the media. Less widely covered is the substantial salary disparity between employees and lower-ranking executive remunerations. It differs by sector, but in most firms, the salary discrepancy becomes clear at the immediate CEO subordinates. At this point the analysts move into a lower pay level, but significant disparities in salary still subsist between a senior executive and a CEO (Kay, and Van Putten 122-127). Relating the average worker pay to CEOs For easier understanding of the salary scale of the average employee in the US, it would be entrance to analyze all aspects of their salary wage, shift gap,

Battle of Midway Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Battle of Midway - Research Paper ExampleLed by admiral Chester Nimitz, the Americans were set for a counter attack. Admiral Chester was the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S Pacific Fleet. His assistants included Rear Admiral postmark J. Fletcher who was the ranking(prenominal) tactical commander and in outpouring of the task force 17. Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance was in management of the task force 16. Lieutenant Commander Joseph Rochefort was also among the officers who helped Admiral Chester to attack and invade the japanese. The Nipponese were light-emitting diode by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto as the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet. His assistant was Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo who was in charge of the prototypic Air Fleet.Just before the battle begun it was natural for both the Japanese and the American soldiers, to discipline for war. According to Yamamoto, Japan would have an access and control over the Pacific after fighting with the American Armed Forces. In his plan, he was sure of thrashinging the Americans, despite being well aware that Admiral Chester would not accept defeat easily without putting up a solid fight. His attack relied on emphatically accurate quantify and employing tactics that would tamper with Americans attention and divert them from the main battle choke.This fleet was among the biggest in the world, and it carried many cruisers and destroyers. As complex as Yamamotos plan was, it failed in two areas. He underestimated the concussion and damage that an aircraft was capable of create to a battlewagon. His staunch belief in how supreme a battleship could be was overshadowed.... Led by Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Americans were set for a counter attack. Admiral Chester was the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S Pacific Fleet. His assistants included Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher who was the senior tactical commander and in charge of the task force 17. Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance was in charge of the task force 16. Lieu tenant Commander Joseph Rochefort was also among the officers who helped Admiral Chester to attack and invade the Japanese. The Japanese were led by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto as the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet. His assistant was Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo who was in charge of the First Air Fleet. Just before the battle begun it was natural for both the Japanese and the American soldiers, to prepare for war. According to Yamamoto, Japan would have an access and control over the Pacific after fighting with the American Armed Forces. In his plan, he was sure of defeating the Americans, despite being well aware that Admiral Chester would not accept defeat easily without putting up a solid fight. His attack relied on decidedly accurate timing and employing tactics that would tamper with Americans attention and divert them from the main battle fleet (White et al. 96). This fleet was among the biggest in the world, and it carried many cruisers and destroyers. As complex as Yam amotos plan was, it failed in two areas. He underestimated the impact and damage that an aircraft was capable of causing to a battleship. His staunch belief in how supreme a battleship could be was overshadowed. To him, an aircraft was supposed to support a battleship instead of the other way around. The second figure that was a limitation to his plan was that the Americans knew what Yamamoto had been

Robert Rauschenberg's tactics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Robert Rauschenbergs tactics - Essay ExampleAbstract expressionism refers to the imposture movement that emerged and gained drift after the Second World War. It was considered as the first most important US movement towards the attainment of a global influence and power. The movement was aimed at positioning New York at the he invention of the westward world invention a position that was previously held by Paris. At the time that Abstract expressionism was gaining popularity in the 1950s, art in the path of combined manufactured goods was also on the rise. Artists had started to bring about changes in their art, inculcating household items and items of daily use into artwork. This type of art is seen in the works of Robert Rauschenberg, more specifically in his combines. His combines were the classic precursors of the Pop Art movement that Rauschenberg became interested in after the 1950s. Rauschenberg was an artist who entered art at the time Abstract expressionism was in its heyday after the Second World War. However, he came to reject that form of art. Leo Steinberg refers to Rauschenbergs art as a flatbed image surface since his art came to compromise of social and cultural pictorial representations and related objects. Such a form of imagery and art were in an unresolved conflict with the previous forms of art practiced earlier which fell under the socio-economic class of modernism and modernism. Rauschenberg was know for making use of found pictures in his work but he juxtapose these images with real objects. His artwork is regarded as Neo-Dada.... His combines were the classic precursors of the Pop Art movement that Rauschenberg became interested in after the 1950s. Rauschenberg was an artist who entered art at the time Abstract expressionism was in its heyday after the Second World War. However he came to reject that form of art. Leo Steinberg refers to Rauschenbergs art as a flatbed image surface since his art came to compromise of ethnic and cultural pictorial representations and related objects. Such a form of imagery and art were in an open conflict with the previous forms of art practiced earlier which fell under the category of modernism and premodernism. Rauschenberg was known for making use of found pictures in his work but he juxtaposed these images with real objects. His artwork is regarded as Neo-Dada since it incorporates found elements as well as real objects. The found elements were initially used by artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Kurt Schwitters. Rauschenberg was motivated by the works of Schwitters and it was this inspiration that swarm him to walk around neighborhoods, looking for objects to incorporate into his paintings. He was of the point of view that his combines should at least be as attention-grabbing as events occurring outside the window are. The reason for such an assertion was that he felt that since he was making use of real objects in his paintings and collages, the artwork would resembl e the real world more at a time it is completed. Rauschenberg worked with collages extensively and he built upon them and diversified the elements that could be incorporated into them by the process of silkscreening photographs.3 This opened a vista of opportunities and choices for him. He used pictures

Legal Limits to Press Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Legal Limits to Press Freedom - Essay showcaseThe paper chose this topic on the belief that the right to privacy and right to fair trial are inter-related in a particular way the right to privacy of a defendant in a court case is violated twice over if news reporters run commentaries that tend to prejudge the case. In fact, these citizens rights are lumped together as primary concerns of the European Convention on Human Rights, which exhorts member states to travel along measures that would balance the right of the public to be informed and the right to privacy and to fair and unimpeded disposition of justice (5). Trial by publicity and media intrusion into the buck private affairs of citizens are common practices in UK, where tabloid journalism had become so licentious that the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) was reorganized and strengthened in 1991 to dealwith media abuses on a self-regulatory basis. On invasion of privacy, hardly a week passes by without a movie celebrity, political leader or royalty suing a media organization in London for such intrusion. entrancement of the 1981 Contempt of dally Act is also rampant.This paper focuses its attention on the perceived problem regarding UK medias everyday attempt to cut across the withdraw between press freedom and the right of individuals to privacy and to fair trial. ... with media abuses on a self-regulatory basis. On invasion of privacy, hardly a week passes by without a movie celebrity, politician or royalty suing a media organization in London for such intrusion. Violation of the 1981 Contempt of Court Act is also rampant. This paper focuses its attention on the perceived problem regarding UK medias frequent attempt to cross the line between press freedom and the right of individuals to privacy and to fair trial. Consequently, the essay looks into the recorded cases of special(prenominal) media violations of these two citizens rights, as well as of laws that address those abuses. A significa nt portion of the paper pull up stakes illumine the outcomes of the relevant cases after they were brought to court as a tort or criminal complaint. roughly of the questions the rest of the essay will seek answers to Have there been any UK media men penalized for such offenses What was the line of defense used by those favored by the courts What damage does violation of these media laws do on the lives of private citizens Does faithful observance of media laws affect and limit the performance of media men in unearthing the truth and safeguarding public evoke 2. Media PracticeIn UK, government control of media exists besides in matters relating to the Official Secrets Act and violation of the animate libel laws. Outside of these two areas, media practice is practically free of any kind of restraints, guided only by a Code of Practice set by the PCC under a climate of self-regulation. thither are 16 provisos in the Code, at least half of which concern peoples right to privacy ma n the other half relate to media coverage of court cases. The clauses involving privacy intrusion include harassment,

Majority Activity 3-2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Majority Activity 3-2 - Essay ExampleCommercials differentiate trucks and achieve figures for boys between dolls and faggot princesses for girls. The media must(prenominal) work toward sex activity equality.Male characters still dominate childrens television with few fortified fe virile influences. Television cartoons like Sesame Street have added strong female characters like female horse (Human), Rosita (Muppet), and Zo (Muppet) to the program. These women display feminist qualities Maria works, Rosita teaches Spanish to the children with pride in her Mexi suffer heritage, and Zo portrays that girls and boys can be best friends without romantic ideas by being best friends with Elmo however, boys are still the main stars of the shew with girls making appearances only on occasion. Dora the Explore is a little girl, without a super thin waist, that helps her friends when they deal help. Hurray Finally, a strong female character however, this cartoon is outnumbered by the many cartoons with female characters secondary to stronger male counterparts. Jimmy Neutron has Cindy Vortex, a blond girl just as smart a Jimmy alone always second best. SpongeBob has Sandy, a strong female squirrel from Texas that only appears on the show occasionally as SpongeBobs rowdy friend. Winnie the Pooh has Kanga, the mother of Roo who is always doing laundry and other chores while the others are having adventures. Television executives must create more programs with strong females as the main character and male characters the co-stars like Dora the Explorer.Commercials differentiate trucks and action figures for boys between dolls and fairy princesses for girls. In commercials, boys play with trucks and action figures, while girls are picture playing with dolls, castles, kitchens, take on vacuums, and more. Girls notice the medias subtle messages defeating the caregiver that bought trucks as well as dolls for little girls to break down the walls of gender inequality. Event ually, girls start asking for girls

Discuss the view that increased regulation will not necessarily lead Essay - 1

Discuss the view that increased canon will not necessarily lead to higher honourable standards - Essay Examplet would gravel been so then companies to maintain the conduct of its employees ethically sound would have been competing on number of regulations than their effectiveness. Hence, this publisher is aimed to support the view that increased regulation does not necessarily increase the ethical standards. On exploitation the general argument, this paper will also attempt to develop support from variation in accounting system and auditing treatments with level of compliance to financial regulation and ethical standard. In the end, it would suggest ways to increase ethical standard of firms and especially accounting and auditing professionals.Concerns regarding the ethical conduct of the business have gained increased attention since novel past. Accurate to state would be to mention the point in time when corporate filths mainly Enron scandal unveiled and resulted in huge fi nes, reputational loss and even sentenced to jail (BBC News, 2002). It proved to be the earthquake in trust of stakeholders on the validity of information presented by firms and increased cynicism about the accounting practices worldwide (Enderle, 2004). This brandish accounted the top management of the firm for the fraudulent act mainly and the question to be posed to holy mechanism that remained in-capable to indentify the deceiving accounting practices were given least or no punishments (Enderle, 2004). In the mentioned case, it was desirable to correct the real regulation with focus to eliminate the flaws. This exercise presumably was expected to have more constructive results. The power of auditors in particular became a question mark after this scandal. Moreover on adoption of the corrective measures, the impact of current financial crises was also expected to have been mitigated to some extent if couldnt be eliminated in full (Argandona, 2012).Contrary to this and witho ut taking lessons from Enron case, increased regulations were imposed on businesses. Increased regulation provided more options to

How does positivist research in criminology seek to create knowledge Essay

How does positive enquiry in criminology seek to create knowledge that avoids these problems, and how successful has it been - Essay ExampleThe positivist approach to criminology rejected the classical idea that people who commit crimes do it from free will positivists believed that it is in our biological make-up, and that we atomic number 18 born with the tendency to commit crimes. So, we do not freely choose to commit crimes, we atomic number 18 born, or not born with criminal elements. While many positivists put our tendency to commit crime on different parts of our biology, the enquiry was scientific it looked for factual results. It was believed that if we could find factual results, then we could discover what characteristics are present in people who commit crime and then prevent it by finding the similar types of characteristics in others biological or psychological. The approach took this form because it believed that other ways of criminological research were found on elements of bearing which could not be controlled and which made crime difficult to predict and impossible to prevent. These elements of life were moral judgement, subjective views of people and their beliefs and opinions. Positivists argued that because these elements were subjective, they could do nothing to help prevent crime and criminal behaviour, whereas a scientific approach could give proper statistics, and reliable results, which could gain much ground in the research of criminology.Although the approach of the positivist school appears agreeable, this paper will argue that its final results were not as useful as it had hoped they would be. While it is not argued that the results brought could not be relied on, it is suggested that the results were not reliable enough to be use to prevent crime. Of course, the prevention of crime based on scientific statistics would be a very attractive idea, both history and results have shown that in practice it has not been as effe ctive as the positivist school promised. To believe in an objective idea of criminal behaviour is not

Critical reception of William Hogarth in the nineteenth century Essay

Critical reception of William Hogarth in the nineteenth ampere-second - Essay Example fit in to Gray (140), his contemporaries compared Fedotov who is a Russian artist with Hogarth for instance, Druzhinin describing Fedotov drawing of a woman leading her inebriated husband through the streets claims that Hogarth would not refuse a subject rich in dramatic and sarcastic potential. Although the two artists use romantic themes of the misunderstood, impoverished artist and enforce pathos of the situation with abundant symbolical detail. Druzhinin later lamented the loss of a man who in his opinion believes could have been Russias Hogarth because Fedotov had the potential to go beyond the achievements of the famous English artist. Other commentators of Fedotov did not encourage him to emulate Hogarth for instance, Bryullov advised him not to be attracted by complexities of Hogarth but encouraged Fedotov to follow nature (Gray 140).Until 18th century, continental Europe set the exquisi te agenda with the first artist using true English style and sensibility being William Hogarth who uncovered vice and corruption in the 18th century London (Else 69). While Hogarth satirized the society other artists were sprightly showing the best light of the society in the 18th century. Through the nineteenth and twentieth century there were various views however in the Victorian time, Hogarth emerged as a popular figure as well as honest and patriotic Englishman (Bindman and William 13). Hogarth issues regarding artistic origins as well as background emerged in early 1780s with publication of the fourth volume of Horace Walpoles Anecdotes of painting in England that dealt with contemporaries including Hogarth. Considering the role of Hogarths widow following his death, there is an indication of moral conversion in the widow through retrenchment of indecent print and she engaged with Rev.Dr Trusler in producing a popular volume known as Hogarth Moralized in 1768.

Professional Learning Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professional Learning Experience - Essay Example70). Realizing the challenges I have to formulation in socialization and conflict resolution, I decided to focus Professional Learning Experience (PLE) at addressing the dilemmas of profession and its humane aspects. Awareness is the first step towards overcoming nonrecreational inadequacies and shortfalls. In many passe-partout settings and situation, I found myself in tight spots, where it was hard to draw a line between my responsibilities as a treat professional and the demands of social decorum. Overcoming such issues in professional career is of significant importance, in a society, hyper sensitive on the display of professional approach and social values in perfect mix. The professional socialization goal identified in this connection includes, conflict resolution, overcoming dilemmas, and role identification for nurse ground on the rationale of ethics, values and social expectations. Kozier et al. (2008) presents the broad description of these goals of professional socialization and states, The education of professional involves a complete socialization process, more far reaching in its social and attitudinal aspects and its technical features than is usually required in other kinds of occupation (p. 17). ... The occurrence was reported a little late in time and when we rushed to the spot, things have already gone worse than affordable in isolation ward. Patients were self-possessed around a patient, speaking laud and violent. The patient was not ready to hear any rivalry and was insisting on his claim of being mishandled and mistreated. There were also signs of personal grudge towards the nursing supply that has been handling the case. Susan immediately grabbed his hand and patted it lovingly while asking him to cool down and drove him to a corner where she can hear his stance in private. She assured him of get possible assistance, in getting his point over to physician and administration for re conciliation. Soon, she managed patients agreement over a pacifistic and graceful dialogue. The patient was a retired army officer and looked genuinely hurt over the issue. Susan managed to convince him on a detailed description of his reservations. This patient told her the backdrop of the situation from his perspective and complaint against the behavioral shortcomings and inadequacies of the nursing staff, while Susan provided very mild and easygoing explanations to some of the professional intricacies and limitations under the circumstances. Susan was successful in act the patient for a shift in isolation ward while assuring him on recompense of grievances. She also manages to get his agreement over filing a written complaint of the incident. The incident had a great deal of learning for me and I closely watched various actions, behaviors and gestures which Susan has applied to overcome the conflict. Specially, her skills in convert the patient on peaceful negociations were

Using material from Item A and elsewhere Essay Example for Free

Using material from fact A and elsewhere Essay?The cultural deprivation theory get bys that many working relegate and contraband youngsterren do not acquire the basic values, attitudes and skills needed for educational success through primary culture in the family. Many cultural deprivation theorists claim that working- affiliate families inadequately socialise their squirtren and therefore their children be culturally disadvantaged. There argon three main aspects to cultural deprivation, one of them being intellect development.This refers to the childs development of persuasion and reasoning skills allowing them to solve problems and use ideas and concepts. Cultural deprivation theorists would make do that many working phase homes lack the resources, such as books and educational toys, needed to stimulate a childs intellectual development that would alter them to betterment more than quickly once the child has started schooling as they already have a prior kno wledge and understanding. J. W.B Douglas (1964) says that working severalise parents are little likely to support their childrens intellectual development through reading with them or other educational activities in the home after he conducted a study that prove working menage pupils to score lower on tests of ability than middle class pupils. Basil Bernstein and Douglas Young came to a similar conclusion and suggested that middle class mothers are more likely to choose toys that encourage the thinking and reasoning skills thatd prepare their children for school.However, sociologists such as Bernstein and Young have not considered the fact that working class mothers may not have such choice in toys and books thatd be educationally beneficial for their children due to their financial state which would suggest that it is material deprivation that is more important here. Secondly, Carl Bereiter and Siegfried Engelmann (1966) highlighted the greatness of language for educational ac hievement claiming that the language utilize in lower class homes is deficient.Basil Bernstein also identified differences between the language influencing achievement used by working class and middle class families. He distinguishes between two types of wrangle code restricted code used by the working class and the elaborated code typically used by the middle class. He argues that the differences in speech code give middle class children an advantage at school because this is the type of language used and encouraged by the education system through teaching, textbooks and exams. However, this theory is rejected by sociologists such as Barry Troyna and Jenny Williams(1986) who say that the problem is not the language used by the children but the schools attitude towards it. Similarly, Nell Keddie (1973) describes cultural deprivation as a myth and sees it as a victim-blaming explanation, she argues that a child cannot be deprived of their own culture they are culturally different not culturally deprived and they fail due to dismissal from an education system dominated by middle class values. The triplet aspect to cultural deprivation is the argument that the parents attitudes and values are a key factor bear on education achievement.Leon Feinstein (1998) found that working class parents lack of interest was the main reason for education underachievement and was more important than material or internal factors. He suggests that middle class children are more triple-crown due to their parents providing them with the necessary motivation, discipline and support. Likewise, J. W. B Douglas study The Home and the School said that working class failure is due to a lack of parental interest and stimulation in the home.He found that working class parents visited the school less often and were less likely to discuss their childrens progress with teachers resulting in their childrens decreased levels of achievement motivation. Although this view has been critiqued by Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore (1994) who say the parents visit school less often and attend fewer parents evenings is due to longer or irregular work hours or are put off by the schools middle class atmosphere not because of a lack of interest in their childs educational progress.Some sociologists argue that parental disinterest in their childrens education reflects the subcultural values of the working class they say that large groups of the working class have different goals, beliefs and values from the rest of society and this is the reason for their childrens educational failure. Barry Sugarman (1970) says that working class subculture has four key features that act as a barrier to educational achievement Fatalism, Collectivism, Immediate gratification and Present-time gratification.Working class children internalise these beliefs and values of their subculture through the socialisation process and this results in their underachievement. Sugarman suggests these values in habit due to working-class jobs being less secure and have no career structure to enable individuals to advance. Many sociologists disagree with the view that cultural deprivation is the main reason for education underachievement.Peter Mortimore and Geoff Whitty (1997) argue that material deprivation has a much greater effect on achievement than internal factors unless although it is clear that material factors play a part in educational achievement, due to the success of many children from poor families we can see that material deprivation is only part of the explanation. The cultural, religious or governmental values of the family are a strong part of sustaining a childs motivation heedless of the childs social class similarly internal factors such as the quality of the school allow children from poorer backgrounds to gain educational success.

Culture and gender issues in Education Essay Example for Free

Culture and sex activity issues in Education Essay adept of the most basic principles of American philosophy is the belief that all people are equal. Equal, where every respective(prenominal) is treated fairly and with respect and that all people have equal opportunities in life. Education plays a key role in the future of every individual. For this reason, the American statement system was established. The American education system bases its principles on the philosophies and beliefs of all Americans. The USA consists of many regions and states. It is therefore understandable that in every region, a different culture is practiced. However, as in everything in this world, there are genuine sides and bad sides to the system. many issues have risen throughout the development of American education. The most popular issues would be those related to gender and nationality. The stereotyping of males and females has been the topic of most gender related issues regarding a students ability in attaining good education. This issue so far has not yet reached a conclusion. On the other hand, nationality issues are as complex as gender issues. Foreign students contribute a large sum to the nations budget every course of instruction.Loss of foreign enrollees therefore would mean lower budgets. Therefore, the number of foreign enrollees per year must be increased if not maintained so as to support the ever pecuniary burdens of the country. Some universities have already taken steps to promote the enrollment of foreign students in the country. another(prenominal) issue is the availability of good American education to people of all statures in life. To answer the problem, American education has developed policies and other beneficial programs for people with different statures to be able to have entryway to a good education.Education is important for every individual. It should therefore be taken with sufficient think as it has great effects to ones own future. Re ferences Kotok, A. (2007). Foreign Students Return to U. S. Colleges Thats the soundly News. Retrieved August 23, 2007 from http//www. publicdiplomacy. org/73. htm Sadker, D. Gender Equity Still Knocking at the Classroom Door. Retrieved August 23, 2007 from http//www. american. edu/sadker/stillknocking. htm

A look into history Essay Example for Free

A look into history EssayWhat would constitute a period in history cal direct a flamboyant days? Would the prosperity seen and felt by throng make the description adequate? Would a greater sense of meltdom in the regions of the world function the description? How can we describe a Golden Age? In the years of the so-cal guide Golden Era, from 1950-1973, the world saw an unprecedented rise in term of ontogeny, with globose mediocres reaching 4. 9 percent in the period of study Keynesianism (monthly Review). This period, however, was not an isolated wholeness (Institute of industrial Relations). The period with the highest national return array, from 1935-1950, after an expansion in the previous economical period, 1918-1935, the distance between the dickens ends of the income dispersal became smaller (IRI). Families of workers tried to adjust the loss of distance from the black community by downsizing in call of number of additions to the family and the use of util ities (IRI). plainly in order for us to fully grasp the importee why this period in clock is called the Golden Age, we have to frame it beside two other growth periods, star before the days and the one just after it.It must be to a fault tell if there were changes in the period that contributed to the growth of the succeeding growth periods. Before the Golden Age Families in the United States used to see how they have progressed through the years by taking a glance at their family albums, remembering the early years of their parents hard life (Bob Davis David Wessel). During the years of the Age, al nigh e precise tier up of American life had been extended the benefit of a upbeat and climbing standard of living (Davis Wessel). provided again, we must peek farther than the time before this period of unprecedented growth.In the past two centuries the world has seen an while of unhampered growth (Bart van Ark). In the years between 1820 and 1997, the gross municipal product around the world rose at around 2. 2 percent on the average (van Ark). This growth direct was around seven times the growth the world experienced from the preceding period, from 1500to 1820 (van Ark). barely as time wore on, the disparity between the recipients of that high growth rate become more and more separated (van Ark). The worlds growth rate accelerated in 1870, and again at the beginning of the Golden Age, in 1950 (van Ark).Since the growth of the worlds economy grew in that time frame, it is not ti be netherstood that everyone benefited from that growth in equal shares (van Ark). Great Britain, one of the lead story powers during the era, learned very well from the lessons of the founder of the corkingist system, spell Smith (Robert L. Bartley). Smith blieved that raising the economic bar could only be done by practising free and open market principles, that traders and merchants interacting with the consumers will lead to a better share of the economic benefits (B artley).Agnus Maddison, widely regarded as one of the premier authorities on presbyopic-term growth, gives us some insights into the growth engines at the time (Daniel Ben-Ami). In his studies, Maddison points to the year 1820 as one the more impotant inflection periods in the study of the worlds growth (Bartley). planetary GDP per capita hadd increased from $420 dollars (1990 value) to about $545 by about the year 1820 (Bartley). The period of 1913-1950 would probably be the most interesting sections of the years before the Golden Age.This period embraces the events of two world wars, the Great Depression, the economic upswing in the 1920s (Bhanoji Rao), and one of the greatest political and bloody historical events in the modern era, the Bolshevik regeneration (Irma Adelman). Both World contend one and two reversed the trends for the unrestrained movement of impregnables, money and migration of peck (Rao). But in developing nations, the effects of these events were not felt as much, thus mirroring the differing aspects of the Wars and the Depression (Rao).In the aftermath of the war, large influential movements had espoused the needs for reform, and the captains in the capitalist end of the world were afraid of a return to the time of the Depression (Crotty). What should be seen however in this time before and after the Industrial Revolution was not the disparity in growth rates (Adelman). What was evident during this time was the power point that events bought leading to worldwide economic insecurity and to the global economic good example as a a unit (Adelman). The enterprises aimed at halting the transfer ofthe economic downturn led to the adoption of very strict global trading and payment methods (Adelman). As the initiatives took hold, tariffs and other quantity restrictions were soon implemented (Adelman). Tight constraints were implemented for the edict on the movement of workers and capital (Adelman). The value of many currencies tended to be overvalued (Adelman). Rampant and widespread inflation led to the collapse of international payments (Adelman). This development led to the adoption of extreme government c one timern as to the constancy of prices and unusual win over as it relates to the level of unemployment (Adelman).Shifting to the Golden Era The march toward the flourishing age of the worlds growth had been marked by a shift from a market-driven and assumed economy to one that was fundamentally a government managed type (James Crotty). The era of the Golden age can be characterized by one of swift and widely distributed growth, having for its foundations an increase of control over quality of the markets dictated by the market and show through the state (Crotty). Rather than a time of markets organism aboriginalized, it was a time rather of the markets being embedded in the fiat, the state rather than an enforcer taking on the role of a guide (Crotty).Agnus Maddison calculated that the worlds GDP ro se to an average of 2. 9 percent, hitting 3. 9 percent in europium and about 8 percent in the europiuman continent (Bartley). The Second World War had spawned a time of motive that was pent -up during the time of the war, as capital and infrastructure was totally wiped out in Japan and on the Continent (Adelman). The command type of economy that was installed during the war, quickly gave way to the reinstitution of the usual framework of capitalism (Adelman).A great aid in the redevelopment of devastated Europe to get the continent up on its feet was the Marshall Plan (Adelman). With this Plan in place, the capital needs and infrastructure needed to jumpstart the economies of Europe were garment in motion (Adelman). It was during this time, as stated earlier, that the world was experiencing a high degree of growth (Ben-Ami). In Japan, the Golden Age and the following decades after, the land of the rising sun was identified with the traits of expertness and the highest levels o f manufacturing standards (Terutomo Ozawa).This was exemplified by the low cost in the production of their automobiles nd electronic products (Ozawa). In Europe, the road to convalescence was much simpler (Barry Eichengreen). Europe at the time underwent an almost complete transformation in the way they conducted their lives. In the middle of the century, Europes households had heat from burning coal, kept their food fresh with ice, and had no semblance even of fundamental plumbing. At present, they have gas-fired furnaces for heating, refrigerators to keep their food stuffs, and an endless number of electronic items that will make one dizzy.Incomes of an average European nearly went to three times their value by the turn of the century (Eichengreen). Also, workings conditions and hours steadily improved, as time at work was reduced by at least a third, giving a boost to the leisure time of Europeans (Eichengreen). An upswing in the rates of the life expectancy in Europes residen ts was enhanced by new-sprung(prenominal) technological discoveries in health accompanied by a parallel advances in nutrition (Eichengreen). But all was not a pretty picture, as one would think. Levels of the ranks of the idle rose. Taxes levied on the people increased.The effects of the destruction of the environment, state repression and consumer spending limits were the order of the day under easterly Europeans repressive regimes dominated that part of Europe for the next for decades following World War 2 (Eichengreen). But what made the road to recovery relatively easy for Europe? Europe, for its part, didnt have to plan anything new for its rebuild it just simply rebuilt. Europe just had to rebuild the damaged or destroyed infrastructure, reinvesting in its capital stock, and redeploying the men that were in the war effort to jobs in peacetime efforts (Eichengreen).This catch-up mentality had demonstrated itself in the utilization of technologies that were not yet in the pip eline, so to speak (Eichengreen). These were the technologies that were developed in the period between the wars, and were used by Europe to sustain its economic juggernaut (Eichengreen). But in the 1930s and 40s, Europe was thrown into an melodic phrase of a depressed investment environment (Eichengreen). It was in this period that the United States gained a bit of a headway against their European counterparts. The Americans had outpaced Europe in terms of overall production and levels of productivity.By using the Americans technology, under license, adopting their business philosophies of American mass-production and personnel management, Europe could close the gap on the Americans. Hence was born the conceit of convergence, fusing the levels of per capita income and levels of productivity to that of the United States (Eichengreen). But in the generation of wealth, particularly in the aspect of its distribution, not all of Europe could say that they were given an equal share of the pie, so to speak. For example, the northern parts of Europe were gaining faster than their southern counterparts.The same trend went for Western Europe, outpacing Eastern Europe. Eastern Europes woes came a failure of the central planning strategy that was common in the authoritarian governments that dominated that part of the continent. Though these are also important features of the Golden Age in Europe, nevertheless the period marked an era of expanded growth and change on the continent (Eichengreen). The economic machine of the Japanese economy, after the brilliant star of its economic achievements faded, had gone from one that was admired to one that was dealt with indifference, even one thrown pity (Ozawa).This was bought about by the virtues of the Japanese to put into secure positions some of the political interests rather than focusing on the real problems that had tenacious the nations economy (Ozawa). In its early steps to climb out of the destruction wrought upon it in the second World War, Japan had adopted its industry to a road of industrial improvement, moving from low value industrial output, gradually moving up to higher levels of value-added goods (Ozawa).But as the years passed, Japan began to carry the protection it afforded to its industries, essentially preparing them for competition (Ozawa). These industries that were left unsheltered were the ones that are the reason for the current state of the Japanese economys falloff (Ozawa). Most of the world had been under the Bretton Woods Agreement (Adelman). This agreement was instrumental to the reintroduction to the regime of fixed rate payments, all payments to be based on the value of the dollar (Adelman).This regime was supported by a number of international organizations with the goal of giving some form of flexibility and in the management of unlike exchange inconsistencies (Adelman). by and by the Golden Era, the period of another growth slowdown was about to rear its head. Af ter the Bubble burst After the Bretton Woods agreement had collapsed and countries and adopted more flexible foreign exchange rates, coupled with the skyrocketing of the price of oil, all these led to the indication that the Golden era was officially over (Rao).This was the era of the stagflation that hit the world in the mid-1970s (Ben-Ami). The Bretton agreement had become quite inadequate in meeting the runniness requirements of most nations (Adelman). When the agreement eventually broke down, the system was replaced by a unstable, fluctuating means of foreign exchange (Adelman). The currencies of many countries went through a period of devaluation against the American currency (Adelman). But this was only the precursor of the coming storm.Oil prices had tripled their price in 1974, cereals doubled their prices by 1973, and gold prices doubled in the years of 1971-1973 (Adelman). Other problems were beginning to crop up for the world as the age ended. According to the Internati onal persistence Organization in its 1995 report on world unemployment, does not dispute the fact the upswing in the worlds economic standing, but it also emphasizes that the world, after the Golden Era, witnessed its GDP cut in one-half, and the levels of unemployment had reached levels never before seen or to be even though of during the era (Canadian Auto Workers Union).For this reason, economists divide the era into two parts (CAW). The jump 25 years at the turn of the century has been called the Golden Era, the second part is called The Age of Permanent Insecurity (CAW). The effects of the downturn were quite visible. Growth rates had been sliced in half, good jobs were the exception rather than the norm, wages did not go up, surpluses were wiped out and social programs introduced at the end of the golden age, were dismantled at a slow but steady pace (CAW).Within a generation, the rate of growth fell to half its previous level, unemployment rates doubled, and decent jobs bec ame the exception. Real wages stopped growing, cypher surpluses turned into chronic deficits, and social programs which were proudly introduced near the end of the first period were dismantled in the second slowly at first, but then at an accelerating pace (CAW). The labor market in Canada and other industrialized nations also took a hit, as the unemployment rates hit 9 percent in the latter part of the turn of the century, as compared to the 4.5 percent average registered in the first half (CAW). In the United States, the federal budget registered a budget surplus from 1946 to 1970 (CAW). In the years following the Golden Era, the Federal government has never once posted a budget surplus (CAW). The Federal government, for every dollar that it allots for programs, it pays about 63 cents of its earnings to pay for the interest of its debt (CAW). The period after the War was one of significant unheralded growth, born out of the combination of several factors (CAW).Among them was th e combination of the development of appear technologies tapped during the War, the retooling of the war time workplace to be reused for peacetime work, reconstruction of the war torn areas of Europe and in Japan, the demand held in check for so long after the Great Depression and the restraints bought on by the war, and the new found competitive situation that it has found with Communist states (CAW). The War had asked from the citizens a great amount of sacrifice, these sacrifices led to the demand for the upgrading for the peoples living conditions, equity and concerns for their security concerns (CAW).These concessions were won over by the labor movement from very jittery corporations (CAW). But how does this relate to the downturn of the Golden Era? After The Golden Era, what happened? The concessions that the workers had gained from the corporations had produced a contradiction for them (CAW). In the case of Japan and Europe, after they had reconstructed from the destruction of the war and had strengthened their economies, was building a contradictory effect for the corporations (CAW).Once the economies were put back on line, the competition of the industrialized countries again began once again on the uptake (CAW). This upswing of the economies of capitalist industries put some amount of pressure on the companies wampum (CAW). The companies in turn tried all efforts to put up a hedge around their sugar (CAW), which companies then transferred these pressures from competition on the workers themselves (CAW).Since the workers felt secure and bold enough to challenge any initiative to be pressured in the workplace, the companies transformed these workers from mainly being employees to consumers, increasing their prices to keep their profit margins (CAW). The workers, feeling the contact of the higher prices, asked the companies for the increases in their wages to match the increases that the companies imposed (CAW). This initiated the cycle of price esc alation (CAW). The price increases had a damaging impact on the global competitiveness of the corporations (CAW).As a result of such developments, inflationary pressures set in (CAW). The companies had to find ways to stay viable while contending with the workers, who were becoming hindrances to the company in terms of supervision over the workplace. As such, the companies had to choose, between the companies insatiable drive for profit and the needs of the society and the workers, the workers and society lost (CAW). Here is the start of the end of the Golden Era, where the share of the wealth began to be hoarded, rather than shared. kit and boodle CitedAdelamn, Irma. The genesis of the current global system. http//are. berkeley. edu/adelman/KEYNOTE. hypertext mark-up language van Ark, Bart. Accumulation, productivity and technology measurement and analysis of long term economic growth. http//wzus. ask. com/r? t=pd=uss=ac=al=diro=0sv=0a30050bip=3d1c9a 4aid=A85DDAB8DCDAC466AE1809C6 54D7BF3Fq=%60Golden+Era%60%2C +from+1950- 1973p=2qs=0ac=24g=38d1%feF2ARgR3en=teio=6ep=eo=b=algb c=br=tp=dec=10pt=http%3A%2F%2Fccso. eldoc. ub. rug. nl%2FFILES%2Froot %2F1999%2F199908%2F199908.pdfex=tsrc%3Dtxtxurl=u=http//ccso. eldoc. u b. rug. nl/FILES/root/1999/199908/199908. pdf Bartley, Robert L. The future of economic freedom. 2000 October 16. http//www. heritage. org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/wm383. cfm Ben-Ami, Daniel. Ferraris for all. 2007 January 27. http//www. danielbenami. com/2007_01_01_ferrarisforall_archive. html Canadian Auto Workers. From False solutions to growing protest recapturing the agenda. http//www. caw. ca/whatwedo/bargaining/cbpac/96highlights/96cawconvention1. asp Crotty, James.Trading state-led for market led stagnation from the golden age to global neoliberalism. http//www. people. umass. edu/crotty/dymski-isn-ford. pdf Davis, Bob Wessel, David. The Golden Age the rise of the American middle class. http//www-rohan. sdsu. edu/rbutler/prosperity2. htm Eichengreen, Barry. The European Economy since 1945. The New York Times 2007 March 25. http//www. nytimes. com/2007/03/25/books/chapters/0325-1st- eich. html? pagewanted=all Monthly Review. Notes from the Editors. Monthly Review 2007 Septem

How Not Getting Enough Sleep Affects Your Body Essay Example for Free

How Not Getting Enough Sleep Affects Your Body EssayIt is highly important for quite a little to understand how wishing of rest arrogates the body so that they will be more than than aware of the effects of not acquire enough cat sleep every night. A lack of sleep can cause loss of brain function, and even death if continued for a long outcome of time. The effects of a consistent lack of sleep can be very dangerous to the soulfulness and others virtually them. The longer the psyche goes without sleep, the worse the effects will be until the person passes out and becomes hospitalized or has a fatal accident. A lack of sleep affects different parts of the body in more than one way and in different degrees depending on how long the person has gone without sleep. The largest effects of lack of sleep on the body can be seen on the brain of the individual. Going without sleep for a 24 hour period can result in the person exhibiting behavior resembling drunkenness, with studi es showing that people in this condition are more dangerous when driving than people that are legally drunk. commonwealth that are suffering from lack of sleep can experience memory lapses, decreased concentration, and hallucinations.As this continues, the person can experience depersonalization where they do not believe that they or any of the people around them are real, almost ass they feel they are living in a dream. Psychotic episodes whitethorn also appear in the person which may or may not disappear aft(prenominal) the person has returned to a normal sleeping schedule. A lack of sleep does not only affect the brain, but affects money other areas throughout the body as well, People that have gone without straitlaced amount of sleep for a long amount of time can experience muscle fatigue, a weakened immune system, blurred vision, headaches, and nausea.Other effects such as muscle tremors, color blindness, hyperactivity, and weight unit loss or gain may occur. Lack of sleep has been linked to many a(prenominal) different health conditions including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and many different mental conditions. In most cases, returning to normal sleep all(prenominal) night can stop these conditions but in some cases, the damage is irreversible. There are many ways that a lack of sleep can affect the body and each of the consequences of not getting enough rest can be dangerous to the person health and well being. Washington

My Achievements and Inspirations Essay Example for Free

My Achievements and Inspirations striveEducation does not stop after graduating in college. It actually starts once a person realizes that it should be innate until the last years of his or her life as it would ultimately become one of the treasures that we provide keep in old age. I was born on July 19, 1983 in Lahore, Pakistan. However, when I was still genuinely young, my parents Nisar Ahmad and Rubina Nisar decided to move to Bahrain, the country where I was raised. They sent me to a reputable school where I perfect my high school. They get under ones skin always been supportive when it comes to the quality of my reading.Indeed, I was very young, but I trust this was where my dreams were born. In high school, I became very interested in biology and chemistry. I found turn out that there is much more to discover in a living organism than just its visible nature. This realization left me an overflowing surge of curiosity. My chemistry teacher, Mrs. Prasana, was the on e responsible for this passion that I have right now. She provided me eitherthing she could with regard to chemistry and biology-related information.Read more Inspirational Essays about LifeGradually, she became my inspiration in pursuing this complex but wondrous fields of science. After high school, I moved subscribe to my hometown in Pakistan where I earned my bachelors degree in Biochemistry in one of the more or less renowned universities of this field. It was absolutely a new phase of my life because I get to further my education in something that I have always dreamt of learning. Studying life sciences was my dream, which is why during my undergraduate program I have undergone internship in a hospital near my home. It was a life-changing experience for me.I would feel around alive when I worked in the laboratory under the supervision of my supervisor. I am confident with myself every time I do laboratory works, and I know that I have signifi female genitaliat skills in ha ndling lab works with high efficiency which I believe should be necessary for a healthcare worker. I have lived in three different countries Bahrain, Pakistan, and in the United States. As an useful clinical scientist, it is a must that one practices flexibility at all cost as it can be a necessary trait in producing quality outputs.

God and Morality Essay Example for Free

deity and honorableity EssayThe question is this Is it possible to be of smashing chaste character while non believing in matinee idol? Looking at the translation of holiness as defined in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy the term ethics can be used descriptively or actively. A to refer to some code of conduct cast off forward by a ball club or some early(a) group such(prenominal) as religious. Or put forward by a society and is acceptable to an individual for his or her own behavior. B to refer to a code of conduct that, given specific conditions would be put forward by all keen-witted individuals. Morality appears to be carve up from religion and although not spoken of or referred to as such in that location ar different groups of moral persons, not all ar viewed as grievous or middling. almost examples may include Christian morality, Nazi morality, Greek morality etc. At times etiquette is include as part of morality. Hobbs expresses a standard vie w when he talks rough address. By manners I mean not here decency of behavior, as how one man should salute another, or how a man should wash his mouth or pick his teeth before company and such other parts of small morals, but those qualities of mankind that concern their living together in peace and unity. (Hobbs, 2010). The laws and our licit system is distinguished by a moral system that includes having written laws or rules, penalties and officials to make the laws and execute perfection and Morality pg. 3 the laws and then penalize. Laws ar frequently evaluated on moral grounds. Moral critisism is often used to support a change in a current law or to kick the bucket a new law. Religion differs from morality or having a moral system. Religious morality is base on stories or make upts that atomic number 18 past. These stories and events are used to justify the behavior that religion prohibits or requires.At times morality is regarded as the code of conduct that is put forward by religion. Morality is aspect by some to affect some religious explanation or justification. However, just as with law some practices and precepts are critical on moral grounds. Morals provide us with a die hard for conduct, where as religion is almodal values more than that. The definition and description of morality tells us that morality is a belief system that follows the rule of goodness. It is similar to a blanket over society and is separate from religion. Even in these times morality is always in question.In an article written by a Baltimore Sun journalist titled The Morality Brigade. The writer expresses his opinion onto his readers stating that Were still statute law and regulating private morality, while at the same time ignoring the much larger crisis of public morality in America. (Reich, R. 2013) He continues on to back up his accusations. He writes that legislatures in North Dakota passed a agitate banning abortions after 6 weeks. (At which time a h eart beat is detectable) as well as approved a fall referendum that could ban all abortions by defining human life number one at the time of conception.He continues on that these same legislatures graven image and Morality pg. 4 worry almost fetuses but they show little concern for what happens to children after they are born. They and other conservatives study been cutting financial backing for child nutrition, health care for infants and their mothers, and schools. (Reich, R. 2013). This is just an example of American Morality. So it seems that at this point I wee defined what morality is and how it can be applied. I have as well as touched on Religion and Morality being a very separate entity.Now I will talk about God and Morals. It is very possible for a person to not believe in God and posses game moral standards. Understanding that the person being moral is not due to their belief in God, it is separatist of that. Having a belief in God is dogmatic to say the least. There is no rational way to say that God exists. To believe in God one must bypass causality and adopt faith. This is ok if believing in God gives a person comfort and security, although if we tie God to morality it may become problematic.Something as important and influential as morality should not be establish on a dogma. If there is no proof that God exists beyond a shadow of a doubt than why do people still believe? Indoctrinate plays more of a fiber than rational and clear thinking. Religious indoctrination caters to our psychological insecurities and needs, not to reason. Think of some things that we know do not exist. An example would be the tooth fairy or maybe unicorns. We are proud to be skeptical and disapproving, withal religion tells us when it comes to believing in God, faith is a virtue. God and Morality pg. 5.Morality is an independent human virtue that is independent of God. Otherwise, it would not be possible that atheists behave with impeccable moral standar ds and so many God believers do not have any morals. Let it also be storied that the great moral traditions of the orbit do not bring God into morality. Two of the most recognised and adored moral traditions in the east, Confucianism and Buddhism do not believe in God. The roots of morality in the west are in the idea of ancient Greeks, especially Plato and Aristotle who based their morality on reason alone, not on any dogma.It appears that religions who originate in the Middle East have a pronounced inclination to base morality on God. These same religions are also the most violent ones in history, killing many in the name of God. There is no evidence that theists are more moral than monotheists. Physiological studies have failed to find a significant correlation between the frequency of religious idolization and moral conduct. An example is that convicted criminals are much more likely to be theists than not. With this being said it is a clear assumption that good people do goo d because they want to do good.It is not because they in-personly benefit from the good they do or because they are being forced. Fundamentalists perceive that the universal moral standards are required for the proper function of a society. Philosophers as diverse as Plato, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, George Edward Moore, and John Rawls have demonstrated to us that it is possible to have universal morality without having a belief in God. God and Morality pg. 6 As is stated by Paul Kurtz One needs no theological grounds to justify these elementary principles. They are rooted in Human experience. (Kurtz, P.1996)Now we will demonstrate that morality and God are linked and that religious beliefs are linked to the morality of each and every person who chooses to live their life in a moral way. If God does not exist, says Dostoyevskys Ivan Karamazov, everything is permitted, which center that we as humans can make plectrums whether they are good or bad, hurtful or nice. The fo calization in which society is going in suggests that people have lost their way. Too many bad things happen due to human badness. God is no longer allowed in public places, schools, disposal agencies, etc.This ancestry suggests that because God has slowly disappeared from our day to day lives society is going downhill at a very fast pace. Does this mean that God is linked to morals in our modern society? Fundamentalists claim that all ills in todays society such as aids and out of wed lock pregnancy are a direct result of a breakdown in morality and this breakdown is due to a decline in the belief in God. The view that God created the moral law is often called the Divine Command Theory of Ethics fit to this view is that what makes an action right is that God wills it to be done.All standards that we live by have consequences if not followed or adhered to. There is the fear of punishment. If we speed in our car we are given a ticket. If we God and Morality pg. 7 Sin our souls wil l spend infinity in hell. Heaven and Hell are often construed as the carrot and the stick that God dangles in front of to make us tow the line, to keep on the straight and narrow. Heaven is the reward and hell is the punishment. Would society be able to function correctly and morally if these rewards and punishments were not in plain view?We have lawmakers and peacekeepers all over the world to help make and enforce the laws so that people know there are consequences. Morals are no different. They help define a persons goodness and worthiness of the ultimate reward, eternity in heaven. Moral standards without moral sanctions just simply do not mean much. Any person who thinks that it is sufficient to have relative standards that are based upon what groups or individuals feel is right or just cannot see a connection between God and morality.Moral principles such as dont steal, dont murder etc.must be objective and practiced by all putting diversion any personal conflicts. When peop le accept moral principles without having a reason to they do not submit these principles as closely as someone who believes in God simply because there are no carrot or stick to hold them in place where they need to be, rather a personal belief or a mandated belief by societal rules in what is right or harm If we recognize that God does exist than we recognize that God created the world and mankind in his own likeness. For this argument it makes sense to say that God controls the world which justifies ethical obligations.To deny Gods existence we God and Morality pg. 8 Are ethically obligated to what exactly? We typically learn morality from our parents and from those we love, we are conditioned to follow a morally righteous path in life, however to have such a standard of moral obligation can only be granted by God, rear every person and demanding such impeccable respect. By letting God into our lives we are accepting good instead of evil, we are consummating the concomitant t hat we are moral and ethical. By allowing Gods teachings and praise into our lives we are promised a more enriching morally accepted life.My view prior to doing any research was that Yes You can take aim a moral life without having a belief in God. I was raised Catholic, I even went to Catholic school, however, I have questioned my own religion over the years and now I have turned my back on it. I do bring my children to church which allows them to draw their own conclusions about God. I want them to have that choice in life and of course I would never excoriate them for believing in God. It is just my personal choice. I live in the Bible belt and I always get asked the question, where do you go to church? I typically tell them that I do not go to church, which is similar to having the plague. It is not that I am not a good person. I feel that I am. Any morals and values that I have my parents have instilled in me. I also believe that the rules or commandments of God are simply a guide established at the time the bible was written to keep society in line. I absolutely agree with the fact of you do not have to believe in God to be moral. I make choices commonplace and my choices are based on God and Morality pg.9the things that I believe to be the best choice for the people I love, people I do not know and myself. I have never had any problems reaching out to help another person whether I knew them or not. I also feel that I go above and beyond at times helping others when I need to. Living a good moral life is a choice and I do it for no other reason than to be there for someone else. I do not do it for repute or self righteousness, or because someone is looking, I do it because for me it is all about treating others the way I wish to be treated. God and Morality pg.10 References Baumin, S. (2008) Antitheism and Morality. Philosophical Forum retrieved March 27, 2013 from http//dx. doi. org/10. 111/j. 1467-9191. 2007. 00282. x vomit and Poythress. A debate between John Frame and Paul Kurtz. Do we Need God to be Moral? retrieved March 25,, 2013 from http// poythress. org/do-we-need-god-to-be-moral/ Gert, Bernard. (2012) The Definition of Morality. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalto (ed. ), retrieved March 27, 2013 from http//plato. stanford. edu/archives/fall2012/entries/morality-definition.Merrill, K. R. (2012) Spectres of False DivinityHumes Moral Atheism. Retrieved March 25, 2013 from http//search. proquest. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/docview/1288432167. accountid=32521 Reich, R. B. (2013)The Morality Brigade retrieved March 27,2013 from http//baltimoresun. com/opinion/bal-the-morality-brigade-20130326,0,146487 God and Morality pg. 11 Schick, T. Jr. (1995)Morality Requires God. or Does it? Retrieved March 25, 2013 from http//www. secular. humanism. org/index. php? section=librarypage=schick_17_3.

Organizational Structure Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structure EssayIn this paper, I result analyze the elements of a theorize analytic thinking and discuss its signifi brush asidece to the hiring and employee development aspects of human imaginativeness management. I will describe the importance of a PAQ, proposing two federal agencys the results washbowl be gived to plan a client service contemplate for efficiency. I will develop two strategies that HR professionals can in the extract for a guest service position using a Fleishman Job depth psychology System. I will examine the challenges for intent this business organization for efficiency and suggest two ways to redesign it. Finally, I will propose three ways a HR bus can use the nurture from a duty analysis to measure the bring to passance of customer service representatives.One of the well-nigh important aspects of human resources is recruiting. In beau monde to recruit the best applicants, contrast recruiters have to be educated in all as pects of the position. The best source of information ab discover a position comes from a frolic analysis. A vocation analysis is the process of getting detailed information about occupancys. A job analysis helps recruiters to match job requirements with the best applicants. It is as well as essential in employee development, feat appraisals and compensation. A job analysis implicates many steps but only three elements. Those elements atomic number 18 the sources of job information, the job condition and the job description.The first element of the job analysis is the source of information employ. In doing the analysis, human resource professionals gather information about jobs through interviewing employees, observing performance of certain tasks, asking employees to fill out questionnaires and worksheets, and collecting information about a job from secondary sources. Other sources within the company include existing job descriptions and supervisors. Some of thosesecondary sources include existing job analysis information from a competitor and O*NET.Next, the job specification includes the tasks that attain up the job, the conditions under which the job is performed and what the job requires in terms of aptitude, knowledge, skills and abilities (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014). This will provide a lot of data. It measures the amount of time the employee spends on major duties. It provides a description of the major duties in order of importance. It determines whether any licensures, certificates or security clearances are needed to perform the job, as well as the physical, environmental and mental demands of a position. This information is essential in creating a job description.The last element is the job description. A job description is a list the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that a job entails (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014). A well-written job description can sell jobs to perspective employees and develop training prog rams as a job position evolves. Sometimes the needs of business interchanges and therefore some duties may change within a position. For the employer, the job description is often used as a recruiting apparatus and by supervisors to outline position expectations. The job description may be used to indicate salary or reporting structure and as a reference during performance evaluations (Richards, 2014).Once all the information has been assembled for a job analysis, it can be further analyzed by using a position analysis questionnaire (PAQ). A PAQ is a standardized job analysis questionnaire containing 194 questions about work behaviors, work conditions, and job characteristics that confine to a wide variety of jobs (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014). The purpose of the questionnaire is to measure the job characteristics and its relation to the human characteristics. The PAQ can be used for a few different things. Common uses include developing a compensation model, selectio n criteria for a specific job and to study the nature of work (PAQ.com, 2014).A PAQ can be used to redesign a customer service job to be more efficient and improve quality. utilize the PAQ provides an organization with information that helps in comparing jobs, even when they are dissimilar (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014). In making those comparisons, analyzers qualification find ways to be more efficient. The collected data from this approach helps in developing or revising a job description. In the customer service business the needs of each customer can vary. Therefore, responsibilities of a customer service representative can vary to meet those needs. Those things great power non be listed in the job description but will need to be added in order to keep the job description updated. Furthermore, information learned from the PAQ helps in evaluating the position for appropriate classification.A smashing source to use for worker requirements is the Fleishman Job Analy sis system. The Fleishman Job Analysis system (F-JAS) is a job analysis technique that asks subject-matter experts to evaluate a job in terms of the abilities required to perform the job (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014). Because the results of a F-JAS, provides a picture of the ability requirements of a job, than recruiters know what abilities to scan for when reviewing resumes. Typing skills might be a skill that is important in a customer service position. The F-JAS can give us an idea of just how important typing is to a job so that we would be able to sterilize reasonable accommodations for an applicant with disabilities. world resource professionals can also use F-JAS to update job descriptions. As processes change the need for some abilities change as things may become automated, therefore job responsibilities change. Kannisto adds, With the contour environment and legal implications, the stakes are a lot higher for job descriptions to be lechatelierite clear with essential responsibilities. If you have a measure of performance that doesnt appear on the job description and you have a case brought against you, depending on the agency involved, there could be punishment, he explains (Tyler, 2013).When considering the job of a customer service representative (CSR) who superintends consumer inquiries for a company that sells items online and by catalog, a few challenges of designing this job for efficiency, come tomind. The first challenge that comes to mind is monotony. Over time, employees will be bored of doing the very(prenominal) job over and over. Even more so if the job is divided into departments, such as sales, returns and customer service, employees will lose interest. A suggestion for redesigning the customer service representative position is job enlargement. Employees might find the job more engaging if all the calls came through on department. We could cross-train employees to be able to handle all the calls that come through the queue. Another suggestion is job rotation. Maybe every week, we could rotate the tasks. We could also make some customer services responses automated for customers. So if a customer wanted to checker status on an order, we could generate a system automated response so that those calls dont come into the call center.Another challenge for designing a customer service representative job is defining authority. Sometimes, customer service requires problem solving and quick decisions. Waiting to speak to a manager can be frustrating for the customer and it makes the employee look incompetent, because it increases hold time. The employee probably feels impotent having to get leave to make a decision, especially when they know what to do. A suggestion for redesigning the CSRs position is job enrichment. CSRs need a certain amount of authority when it comes to resolving customer service issues. This is a way to raise productivity levels and employee satisfaction from a sense of personal a chievement in taking self-possession of problems and meeting the challenge of increased responsibility.A human resource manager (HRM) can use the information obtained from job analysis to measure the performance of a customer service representative. Job analysis is a set of procedures or methods for determining what workers actually do on the job and for describing which aspects of worker knowledge, skill, ability, and other characteristics are needed for job performance. This process defines a productive employee and gives human resource managers a place to grow for measuring performance. One way HRM can use this information is in making personnel decisions. This tool can help determine whether an employee should receive a promotion, transfer, pay increase or be fired. It can also be used for employee development. A performanceappraisal will determine the strengths and weaknesses of employees. This is key to destiny our CSRs grow, because we can create training programs to incre ase their skills levels. Taking the time to strengthen their weaknesses will make them perform better, which is great for the company. Finally, the performance appraisal can be used as documentation to defend a company from lawsuits, because it is used as the basis for personnel decisions.In conclusion, the job analysis is the conception of most human resource functions. With its use, job descriptions are created and updated which standardizes recruiting. It is a perfect outline for measuring performance of new and existing employees. Job analysis provides training and employee growth opportunities. Personnel decisions are also validate by job analysis, because it creates a system of checks and balances for hiring, performance appraisals, promotion and demotion and/or firing.Works CitedNoe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, (2014). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. (5th ed., p. 103). pertly York, NY McGraw-Hill Education.Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, (2014). Fundamental s of Human Resource Management. (5th ed., p. 107). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Education.Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, (2014). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. (5th ed., p. 108). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Education.PAQ.com. (2014). The paq program. Retrieved from http//www.paq.com/?FuseAction=Main.PAQProgramRichards, F. (2014). Key parts to job descriptions. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http//work.chron.com/key-parts-job-descriptions-12366.htmlTyler, K. (2013, Jan. 01). Job worth doing Update descriptions. Retrieved from http//www.shrm.org/publications/hrmagazine/editorialcontent/2013/0113/pages/0113-job-descriptions.aspx

The Invisible Poor Essay Example for Free

The Invisible unfortunate EssayThere concord been umteen writers, columnists, politicians, sociologists and economists who have written nearly the concept of destitution in the United States. Though their views a good deal differ as to the causes, and solutions, the underlying green between all of those who have written about this issue remains that the current state of the American public is short(p)er than it has been in decades. The comparison of the pursuance writers enables a reader to gain perspective on issues much(prenominal) as this. The ways in which different writers address, define, and respond to issues such as poorness, can allow for a reader to find their own understanding of the issue as well as its possible cure. The following paper will seek to examine the lives of the invisible poor, the sociology behind such a ships company and at the end of the paper extend a suggestion as to how poverty can be cured. Marg atomic number 18t Andersen, Eugene Le wit, and throng Fallows address the issue in differing ways however with much the same message. There is a difficulty with poverty in the United States. The concepts of the working poor the disenfranchised as well as the general wiped out(p) peoples of the United States ar growing. According to Andersen, the main occupation is rooted in the residual make of the pre-Civil Rights era. The accumulation of wealth over time, by dint of inheritance and long term investment is lost on the groups which have been discriminated against since the dawn of the Untied States. Andersen states that racial exclusion in lending, housing segregation, and historical patterns of discrimination have created significant differences in the contemporary class standing of murkys and whites. (Andersen 184) This racial disparity was not limited to black and poor whites it in like manner included Hispanics and Asian-Americans. (Anderson 185)In the inequality involved in poor women in the manpower in t hat respect is a sociological view of how this inequality is categorized Kinglsey Davis and Wilbert Moore gave sociology the theory of helpalism. This theory states that every society separates its products, its m aney, and its services on the grounds of furrow difficulty and relevance to a society, or on the function that a specific job provides more for a society. Due to a job and what gender performs that job function being more substantial to society or more functional, then society is voluntary to play the stratification game. Since these functional jobs and the difference between the assumed capabilities of men or women performing them there is also stratification in monetary reward. Society has a top echelon of jobs which they consider able to be filled lone(prenominal) by a man or only by a women The unhorse rung of this system includes mostly the feminine persuasion. Functionalism fully believes in the rat race of society and exemplifies it through and through the pow er elite system and through gender inequality. Functionalism states that there are critical jobs, ones so important to society (like saving a life) that the measurement of that persons importance has to be reflected monetarily. Functionalist expresses inequality through the bases of the nature of the occupational system. As Davis and Moore state, Social inequality is thus an unconsciously evolved device by which societies date that the most important positions are conscientiously filled by the more qualified persons(Baldridge, 158). With this reality it becomes more and more clear that women are being discriminated against in the workforce, but more so if they are mothers. Just because families, or single mothers are moving from welfare to work does not mean that they are above the poverty line. Although earnings are seemingly increasing mothers who try to live on minimum wage cannot deport a family of even one churl.In the new-make nineties, the submit shows, families headed by working single mothers experienced rising earnings due to the strong economy, work supports like the Earned Income Tax Credit and child care, and a reformed welfare system. Yet these increased earnings were fully offset by a disdain in the benefits that government safety net programs provide, leaving these families no better off as a group and pushing those who remained poor deeper into poverty (CBPP 2001).The rise in crime, increased rates of adolescent pregnancy, drug use and the increased numbers of children and adults on government assistance are all attributed to the decline of the American family according to Popenoe. However, his assertions lacked any empirical support. This issue was taken up by Sharon Houseknecht and Jaya Sastry in 1996. The study conducted by the research team looked at the state of the family unit, and sought to find whether the decline that Popenoe described was unornamented or not (Houseknecht 1996).The model that the research team used was based on Popenoes assertions that those family unites that are furthest away from the traditional view of family are more in decline. The group took samples from quatern countries, Sweden, the United Stated, former West Germany, and Italy. Looking at non-marital birthrates, divorce rates, crime rates and child-wellbeing, the group strand that, according to Popenoes model, Sweden had the greatest decline in the family unit followed by the United States in second.The problem that Andersen addresses is further exacerbated by the decline in real wages over the period from the 1970s to the late 1990s. (Anderson 185) The fall in the value of the American dollar, coupled with the increased inflation meant that a actor making the median wage in 1989 made $13.22 an hour however by 1997 that same take wage was only worth $12.63. (Anderson 185) The lower 80% of wage earners suffered more with a loss of 6.7% of their jibe wage power. Eugene Lewit addresses the issue of poverty by writing about the number of children financial support in poverty. Lewit begins his ingathering against the growing problem by noting that in 1991 there were 13.7 one thousand thousand children invigoration in poverty in the Untied States a number that included an increase of nearly one million from the previous year. (Lewit 176) Lewit also noted that the total number of Americans living in poverty in 1991 was over 35 million people more than 10% of the total population. The next issue that Lewit addresses is the number of problems faced by the impoverished children in comparison to their affluent counterparts. According to Lewit, poor children face increased risk of death, infectious and inveterate illness, and injury from accidents and violence. (Lewit 176) These children also tend to live in conditions which are filled with violence, deteriorating housing, and disrupted living conditions which increase the likelihood of depression, low self-confidence, and conflict with peers and authori ty figures. (Lewit 176) Lewit also bring attention to the problems in the comment of poverty. The federal thresholds which define poverty according to income, family size and location, suffer from, according to Lewit, inadequate adjustments for changing usance patterns, inflation, and differing family sizes and structures. (Lewit 177) Lewit also states that the poverty guidelines fail to account for the substantial geographic variation in the cost of living. (Lewit 177) Like Andersen, Lewit addresses the poverty tornado. According to Lewit, the amount by which the total poverty gap resided upon in 1991 was $37.2 billion. This meant that the lowest portions of the population of the United States were making nearly forty billion dollars less than the federal poverty level. This gap has long reaching repercussions, as these members of society also, as Lewit stated before, are more probably to become ill, injured or involved in violence which amounts to a further burden on the over all economy and social standing of any given area. Fallows describes the technology boom of the early 1990s as the same disproportionate, commanding-heights effect on todays culture as Wall Streets takeover-and-junk-bond complex had 15 geezerhood ago, and as the biotech-financial complex presumably will 15 years from now and it grants large fortunes to small groups of people, many of whom began in lower or middle class families. The boom took people who were living as, or at least identifying with the impoverished members of American society and catapulted them into the ultra-elite amassing fortunes which often topped 100 million dollars. Between these triplet writers, there is a common thread of though the poor are getting poorer. This fact is made worse by the disconnection of the wealthy and the poor. This disconnection is caused by the growing gap between the haves, and the have-nots. This gap increases the burden on the poor, mentally, as well as increases the difficulty i n finding ways to amend the causes of the vast amounts of poverty in the Untied States. Fallows ended his article with the realization that problems, like poverty, are one thing when considered abstractly poverty, inequality, racism, problems stated as if they were debate topics. They can be altogether different when affiliated with human beings real or fictional. This is true in the fact that all too often the only time poverty is truly addressed in a forum which can pop off it is during election campaigns and then only until that election is won.Experiment In order to better provide housing, jobs, healthcare, and so forth to the invisible poor the following audition should be considered. Take two groups of poor families one as control, the other as a variable. The control family will continue working the system for government aid, or living according to how they have always been living. The second family, the variable family, will be given cardinal items a new housing unit (in a different part of the city or in the suburb), $2,500 for beginning expenses and getting out of debt expenses (with a one time meeting with a financial advisor), and a job interview for a qualifying job for each capable working member of the family. The experiment will take place over a two year period, with updates on the family the first month, the triplet month, the sixth month, one year, one year and six months, and two years. The elements of the experiment which will arise are amount of debt, if any family member has gone to college, where family members are in their schooling (i.e. grades, extra curricular activities, etc), how the jobs are going, if theyve advanced, if theyve maintained their job or gotten hired at a different place for a higher(prenominal) payer job, and finally their finances will be looked at. The differences between these two families will be the backdrop to how, with a little bit of help, a family can overcome poverty. The control group will give a recognition to how a family will continue to struggle without any help, or with the same precaution from the government which they are already receiving. The contrast of these two families, will hopefully, allow for a way in which other government programs can better assist getting rid of the invisible poor, and to strike a balance of wealth and financial freedom for families. This experiment will seek to prove that the invisible poor is a great problem that needs to have an immediate solution. The poor across the world is only increasing and it is with this experiment that a way in which to curtail poverty and give families and individuals hope to an economically fruitful future is found.WORKS CITEDAndersen, Margaret. Restructuring for Whom? Race, Class, Gender, and the Ideology of Invisibility. Sociological Forum. Vol. 16, No. 2. June 2001. p. 181-201.Baldridge, J. Victor. Sociology A Critical blast to Power, Conflict, and Change. John Wiley Sons, Inc. 1975.Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP). Poverty Rate Among Working Single get down Families Remained Stagnant in Late 1990s Despite Strong Economy. (Online). Available http//www.cbpp.org/8-16-01wel-pr.htm.Fallows, James. The Invisible Poor. The New York Times Magazine. March 20, 2000. Date of Access March 3, 2008. URL http//www.courses.psu.edu/hd_fs/hd_fs597_rxj9/invisible_po or.htmHouseknecht, Sharon Sastry, Jaya. Family Decline and Child eudaimonia A Comparative Assessment. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 58 (3) (1996). Pp.726739.Lewit, Eugene M. Children in Poverty. The Future of Children. Vol. 3, No. 1. throttle 1993. p. 176-182.