Reforest the Caribbean :: essays research papers

Choosing to sponsor a community based reforestation project on a large Caribbean Island would yield the most satisfying returns in legal injury of biodiversity, sustainability, and the goals of the project. Allowing the community to become involved in the project will make them feel invested in their environment and will help produce an environmentally estimable awargonness amongst the islanders. Though restoring a lake habitat in reinvigorated York has its merits, the Caribbean project will be a better investment of the organizations money.Studies hold up that biodiversity increases with respect to four factors latitude, lift, isolation, and successional stage. The first two factors obviously favor the Caribbean Island in that it is located closer to the equator and to sea level. New York is at a higher elevation and is not close to being in any tropical zones. In terms of isolation, neither location seems to be at an advantage over the new(prenominal) one. The New York habit at is located in an industrial sector meaning that it is not connected with extensive forests that could contribute to the diversity of the area. Islands obviously experience a notable amount of isolation but this does nothing to cancel the effect of its latitude location. The industrial sector undoubtedly leaks a significant amount of chemical pollution into the area that may hinder the progress of achieving successful reforestation. The successional stage can be assumed to be equivalent given that both areas are in need of reforestation. The arguments for biodiversity clearly stand in favor of the Caribbean project.The sustainability of each system suggests that the tropical forest is once again the wiser choice. An industrial sector of New York is likely to be mostly human dominated. In such environments, the renewable resources such as clean air and water will probably already be overused by the human population thus stressing a system that is already at a disadvantage. In orde r to achieve successful sustainability, more prominence must be given to factors like recycling, conservation, restoration, and limited growth. By making the Caribbean project community based, the inhabitants of the island will have the opportunity to learn these all important(predicate) principles and ensure the regions sustainability.There is certainly a need for reforestation throughout the world. Even though this location is outside the United States, it is still important for us to assist these people with reforestation.

Iago, Master of Cruelty in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Iago, Master of Cruelty in Othello           Iago stands supreme among Shakespeares evil characters because of his intense and subtle cruelty, perfectly combined with his exceptional powers of exit and intellect. As a result of this, his motivations are unclear however the innocent, loyal, and honest character Iago portrays to the others, does not reflect his true character. He is the ultimate puppet master. each action is preplanned and troopsipulated for his audience to perceive him as this trustworthy decent man. Iago possesses such intelligence and acting ability that he forces others to act on and believe what he tells them. The other characters see him as what he wants them to see, and not for what he really is.       The three main emotional weapons Iago uses to destroy everyone are reputation, desire and jealousy. A total reputation is the most important virtue to the characters of this play. Their good name is wh at keeps them in high standing in society. What family one comes from and how one uses that status permeates every view of life. Iago uses this as a weakness. He does everything in his power to destroy the reputation of others by creating illusions and lies and sharing them with those whom would listen. Iago was so trusted by all, that people would continuously brass to him for advise and he would use these opportunities to manipulate their opinions and thoughts towards others. The importance of reputation and its usefulness is shown when Iago says, Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, is the immediate jewel of their souls.(Othello. issue III. iii. 182-183.)       One way Iago uses others importance of reputation to destroy them is in the case of Cassio. Early on in the story, Othello, who is a Moorish general in the Venetian army has an opening for a second in command. Although Iago wants this position desperately, Cassio is chosen. When the opportunity arises for Iago to avenge this, he does. Iago convinces Cassio , known as a responsible, loyal and trustworthy man to abandon his night watch and go out drinking. He eventually gets into a fight with another lieutenant and is discovered by Othello. When asked to explain the situation, Iago lies and tells Othello that Cassio behaves uniform this all of the time.       Using jealousy as a weapon is what prompts Iago to plot the ultimate downfall of the characters in Othello and especially Othello himself.

Comparing Female Sexuality in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar and Alice Mun

Comparing Female Sexuality in Sylvia Plaths The Bell reel and Alice Munros Lives of Girls and Women In Sylvia Plaths The Bell Jar and Alice Munros Lives of Girls and Women, Esther and Del try to take control of their sexuality and their sexual lives. These two female protagonists attempt to gain sexual confidence by gently rejecting the societal images of women. They are able to seduce men and pilot their own sexual lives. These women are also able to ignore the popular beliefs about unification and motherhood, thus freeing them from the traditional, restrictive female sexual roles. By rejecting the popular notions of womanhood, sexuality, and marriage, Esther and Del become the mistresses of their sexuality and sexual lives.Female sexuality is often equated with physical beauty. In The Bell Jar, the protagonist Esther works for an intellectual fashion magazine The Ladies Day and receives bonuses such as clothing and make-up kits. These false enhancers of female sexuali ty save make her feel very empty (Plath, 3). To fill the empty void in her sexual wellbeing, Esther stows away these beauty products and privately envies the stern muscular Russian girl with no make-up at the U.N. (78). As well, Esther admires Jay Cee, the editor who has brains so that her plug-ugly looks didnt seem to matter(6). Esther sees that once a woman is unblock of her make-up, she may appear masculine, but her strength will shift towards useful talents such as simultaneous interpretation, which enhances her true feminine value. Indeed, Esther is insulted when she reads a magazine oblige which insists The boy thinks of the universe, its immensity and mystery the girl thinks, I must wash my hair(177). Esther does not belie... ...g her successful control over her sexuality. As Del remarks in Lives of Girls and Women, thither is a change coming I think in the lives of girls and women. Yes. But it is up to us to make it come (Munro, 173). Del and Esther are women who answer this call to heal their sexuality and reclaim their sexual lives. They take the initiative to stray from the mainstream definition of femininity, and they learn to make men dance to their tune in the game of sex. benumbed in the traditional domestic roles of women, Del and Esther reject the institution of marriage and reshape their attitudes towards motherhood. The change is not merely coming it has already taken root in the psyches of these two women.WORKS CITEDMunro, Alice. Lives of Girls and Women. London Penguin Books, 1982.Plath, Sylvia. The Bell Jar. London Faber and Faber, 1966.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Should NOT Be Banned Essay examples

Many books around the world have been banned because they are offensive. One example is jester Twains The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, a novel about the journey of a thirteen-year-old boy named Huck, who fabricates his own death to run away with an escaped slave named Jim. The devil voyage in a raft along the Mississippi River to gain their individual freedom. In addition, Huck gains a new understanding about humanity. Huck Finn has been creating great controversy on both sides of the argument to ban or to keep in the school curriculum. Currently much debate has surrounded specify Twains Huck Finn since its publication in 1885, but none has been more pervasive, explosive, and divisive than that surrounding the issue on race (Chadwick-Joshua xi). In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, scripted by Mark Twain, characters speak with a racist dialect. The way that characters speak and address African Americans causes a tremendous amount of controversy regarding whether to ba n or keep the book in public schools.Huck Finn is thought to be a racist book, and some of Mark Twains audiences believe that it should be banned from school curriculum. The main reason the public wants Huck Finn to be banned is because of its racial dialect. The use of the word nigger is employ repeatedly passim the novel. Some people say that Twains consistent use of the word nigger istroubling to readers (James). The fact that the word is so often used throughout the book offends many African Americans. It is offensive because the word nigger has very strong negative connotations and past references to blacks as slaves. Hughes describes, The word nigger to grim people of high and low degree is like a red rag to a bull. Used rightly or wron... ...Works CitedA rule for Teaching Huckleberry Finn. EXPLORING Novels. Online Detroit Gale, 2003. Student alternative Center Junior. St. Francis High School GA. Web.17 Feb. 2014.Chadwick-Joshua, Jocelyn. The Jim Dilemma Reading Race i n Huckleberry Finn. Jackson University of Mississippi, 1998. Print.Henry, Peaches. The Struggle for tolerance Race and security review in Huck Finn. Huck Finn Controversy. Western Michigan University, July 2002. Web. 25 Feb 2014. Huck Finn Teachers Guide. About the Book. PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014.James, Pearl. Overview of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. EXPLORING Novels. Online ed. Detroit Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center Junior. Gale. St. Francis High School GA. Web. 1 March. 2014. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York Bantam, 1981. Print.

No Groove in the Gunsights by Lars Kullberg :: essays research papers

No Groove in the Gunsights     Always under the finger of his dark mistress, the speaker strugglesbeneath her power. testify as he may, he will never be able to break the tie oflust between the two. His threats atomic number 18 not intemperate to her, and he knows this.His power is beneath hers, and he knows this as well. By threatening hislover in the 140th sonnet, the speaker is merely admitting to his ownhelplessness to which he is eer bound.     This appears to be the first sonnet in which he is taking a stand.Never before has he spoken in such a threatening t wiz "Be wisedo not press/Mytongue tied patience" (140. 1-2). One might think that he is now telltale(a) forthe first time his yet unheard of power.     But he has no such power. He knows that his threats do not frighten herso why does he even bother? Sure, he could untie his tongue and let the worldknow of her habits. However, no one would care. She is a dark ladyshe andothers like her are meant to be that way. He would only be telling what isalready known. However, what she has to tell of him is not already known.Being a married man, he is not judge to have a mistress.     She is his only mistress. They both know this as well. If he were tolose her, he would have nothing left. She knows his lust for herhis need forher. She knows he lives for her unfairness and for the pleasure he finds in hertemporary as it may be. Temporary yet lasting. There may be times when hethinks he female genitalia live without her, but the time comes again soon when he feels thefamiliar lust again. It is the lack of love which makes it temporary. However,it is the abundance of lust which makes it permanent.     He is only one of her many lovers. If she were to loose him, she wouldstill have many others to satisfy her. She takes comfort in the fact that heneeds her and he cadaver under her thumb to almost any extent. The speakerknows she has many lovers. He claims to hate her unfaithfulness, but in fact helikes it. He likes the fact that she is nothing more than an goal of sexoftemporary pleasure. If she were really in love with him and were truly faithful,he would be less attracted to her. The passion and the lust would be gone.     So the question remainswhy does he bother with these empty threats?

No Groove in the Gunsights by Lars Kullberg :: essays research papers

No Groove in the Gunsights     Always under the hitchhike of his dark mistress, the speaker strugglesbeneath her power. accentuate as he may, he will never be able to break the tie oflust between the two. His threats atomic number 18 not enceinte to her, and he knows this.His power is beneath hers, and he knows this as well. By threatening hislover in the 140th sonnet, the speaker is merely admitting to his ownhelplessness to which he is unceasingly bound.     This appears to be the first sonnet in which he is taking a stand.Never before has he spoken in such a threatening t one and only(a) "Be wisedo not press/Mytongue tied patience" (140. 1-2). One might think that he is now unveil forthe first time his yet unheard of power.     But he has no such power. He knows that his threats do not frighten herso why does he even bother? Sure, he could untie his tongue and let the worldknow of her habits. However, no on e would care. She is a dark ladyshe andothers like her are meant to be that way. He would only be telling what isalready known. However, what she has to tell of him is not already known.Being a married man, he is not pass judgment to have a mistress.     She is his only mistress. They both know this as well. If he were tolose her, he would have nothing left. She knows his lust for herhis need forher. She knows he lives for her evil and for the pleasure he finds in hertemporary as it may be. Temporary yet lasting. There may be times when hethinks he bay window live without her, but the time comes again soon when he feels thefamiliar lust again. It is the lack of love which makes it temporary. However,it is the abundance of lust which makes it permanent.     He is only one of her many lovers. If she were to loose him, she wouldstill have many others to satisfy her. She takes comfort in the fact that heneeds her and he trunk under her thumb t o almost any extent. The speakerknows she has many lovers. He claims to hate her unfaithfulness, but in fact helikes it. He likes the fact that she is nothing more than an design of sexoftemporary pleasure. If she were really in love with him and were truly faithful,he would be less attracted to her. The passion and the lust would be gone.     So the question remainswhy does he bother with these empty threats?

Salem Witch Trials and Account

capital of Oregon mesmerize Trial Hangings Michelle Woodring Mr. Yates American Literature 1 May 2010 capital of Oregon charm Trial Hangings Theses There were many casualties of the capital of Oregon Witch Trials and there are still many mysteries today. * Salem History and Background * Witch trade Starting * Symptoms of Witch Craft * People Accused of Witch Craft * Trials * Hangings * End of the Witch Hunt Michelle Woodring Mr. Yates American Literature 1 May 2010 Salem Witch Trials Hangings In1688, John Putnam invited Samuel Parris to preach in the Village church (An greenback of. . ). A year later inflation adjustments, and free firewood, Parris certain the job as Village minister r(An count on of). He moved to Salem Village with his wife Elizabeth, his six year old daughter Betty, niece Abagail Williams, and his Indian slave Tituba (An Account of). Sometime during February of 1692 young Betty Parris became strangely ill (Salem Witch Trials). The cause of her symptoms seemed to match those of Ergot (Salem Witch Trials). Bettys sort in some ways mirrored that of trance fraud (Salem Witch Trials).It was easy to believe with an Indian war raging less than several(prenominal) miles away that the d villainy was close in hand (An Account of). Talk of witch craft increased when other playmates of Bettys began to exhibit similar unique behavior (An Account of). William Griggs, a doctor, was called in to examine the girls he suggested that the girls problems might have a supernatural origin (An Account of). The go of girls afflicted continued to grow rising to seven (An Account of). The girls contorted into poses, fell down into frozen postures, and complained of biting and pinching sensations (An Account of).Sometime after February 25 and 29 the first three accused of witch craft were Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn (Salem Witch Trials). Tituba was an obvious choice (Salem Witch Trials). Sarah Good was a beggar (Salem Witch Trials). Sarah Osborn was old and had not attended a church for over a year (Salem Witch Trials). Tituba was the first witch to admit to doing witch craft (Salem Witch Trials). Soon the spectral forms of other women attacking the afflicted girls came into the court rooms (An Account of).Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Sarah Cloyce, and Mary Easty were accused of witch craft during a March 20 church service (An Account of). Dorcas Good, quaternion-year-old daughter of Sarah Good, became the first child to be accused of witch craft when three of the girls complained that they were bitten by the specter of Dorcas (An Account of). Deliverance Hobbs became the second witch to confess for doing witch craft (An Account of). The first accused witch to be brought to trial at the local church was Bridget Bishop (An Account of).At Bishops trial on June 2 a field hand testified that he saw Bishops image thieving eggs and then saw her transform herself into a cat (An Account of). Bishops jury returned a verdict of guilty on June 10 (An Account of). Bishop was carted to Gallows Hill and hanged (An Account of). As the summer of 1692 warmed, the pace of trials picked up (Salem Witch Trials). John Proctor was openly critical of the trial and paid for his agnosticism with his life (Salem Witch Trials). No execution caused more unease in Salem than that of the villages ex minister, George Burroughs (An Account of).Burroughs was identified by several of his accusers as the ringleader of the witches (An Account of). Among the thirty accusers of Burroughs was nineteen-year-old Mercy Lewis that offered unusually vivid testimony against Burroughs saying that he had came to her in the middle of the night and made her scrape the Devils book (An Account of). Burroughs became guilty and took to Gallows hill to be hanged he recited the clerics Prayer perfectly which greatly moved people (An Account of). The Lords Prayer Our father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, As i n heaven, so on earth. devote us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we Also have forgiven our debtors And lead us not into temptation, but Deliver us from evil for thine is the Kingdom, and the power, and the glory Forever. Amen. One victim of Salem witch-hunt was not hung his name was Giles Corey (Salem Witch Trials). He died from being pressed to death by stones (Salem Witch Trials). Three days after Giles Coreys death on September 22 eight more convicted witches were hung (Salem Witch Trials).They were the last victims of the witch-hunt (Salem Witch Trials). With spectral evidence not admitted, twenty-eight of the last thirty-three witchcraft trials ended in acquittals (Salem Witch Trials). In May of 1693, all be accused or convicted witches were released from prison (Salem Witch Trials). By the time witch-hunt ended nineteen convicted witches were executed (Salem Witch Trials). And at least four accused witches had died in prison (Salem Witch Trials). Then one man was pressed to death by stones (Salem Witch Trials).About one or two hundred other persons were arrested and imprisoned on witch craft charges and two dogs were executed as suspected accomplices of witches (Salem Witch Trials). Works Cited Linder, Douglas O. An Account of Events in Salem, Famous American Trials Salem Witch Craft Trials of 1692. Sep 2009. Web. 15 Apr 2010. Salem Witch Trials. Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation. Inc. 12 Apr 2010. Web. 15 Apr 2010. Matthew 69-13, The Lords Prayer. Holy Bible King James Version. Holman Bible Publishers. 1973. 26 Apr 2010.

Catholicism in Quebec and the Quiet Revolution Essay

Montreal is Quebecs largest city, has al way of lifes been re directned for its many churches and basilicas, earning it the nickname la ville aux cents clochers. crack Twain once said This is the first time I was ever in a city Montreal where you couldnt throw a brick without breaking a church window. Today, it is better known for the diversity of its people and its culture painted streets, such as the Quartier Latin and the booming Quartier des spectacles. The city is bag to all everyplace a hundred and twenty cultural communities and seventy-five languages seemingly fitting since well over a quarter of the population was born abroad. In the June 2008 issue of Monocle, a London based magazine, Montreal was dubbed Canadas Culture Capital. It seems hard to imagine that the Catholic Church had a monopoly over not that Montreal but the entire land of Quebec simply half a century ago. How did a land founded and built on Catholicism become a abode renowned for its cultural diversit y?This essay will explore how the Catholic faiths image developed in Quebec after the Second arena War, touching the provinces strong religious foundation, the Churchs control of the raising and medical systems, and how the Quiet revolution paved the way for the successfulness of the French language and the multicultural land we have today. Jacques Cartier officially claimed Quebec in the name of the King of France in 1534, bringing the first sign of Christianity by pose up a cross in Gasp that is still visible to this day. The farm, family, faith and language were until recently stereotypical symbols for the Quebecois, but gradually became symbols of French settlers instead. However, these hadnt always been symbols of the colonists farming and permanent families were not part of the mindset of the early colonization.Samuel de Champlain first met with the Algonquin people on his exploration journey in 1603 and the two parties were quick to form an alliance. The French and Algon quin began trading firearms for furs to keep warm throughout the winter but were mainly sent to be sold in France. During the long alliance with the Algonquin people many Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus, a Christian male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church, sought to prophesy and convert the aboriginal people. This created a bitter divide between the traditional practitioners of Midewiwin and the Catholic converts. Champlain returned in 1608 to create a settlement in what is now Quebec City, except at the time the French were interested in trading, fishing cod fish and subsequent hunting beaver. This lifestyle made it difficult to attract likely colonists, and upon Champlains death in 1635 there were only 300 settlers in New France. King Louis XIV began encouraging members of his military to remain and settle in New France after discharge, and also hiring young laborers to work in the colony then encouraging them to stay as well.The recruitment efforts of the K ing of France resulted in a 21 male to female ratio, thus he supported les filles du roi, a plan where poor women without a dowry migrated to New France to be unite and bear children. By 1681, the marriages and families of these women grew the population to 10 000. These 10 000 French settlers would produce most of the francophone population of Canada (Phan, 292). Once King Louis XV signed the Treaty of Paris, handing over the French territories to the English, the French military, upper-class and business elite all returned to France. The abandoned settlers turned to the Roman Catholic Church as the clergy begun opening schools and hospitals. The French colony of Quebec wanted to avoid an American influenced political policy which stood for Protestantism, republicanism and war, as well as severing its ties with France fol starting the Treaty of Paris and the French Revolutions religious prosecutions.The colony then adapted policies of the Church, associating the land with the Vati can instead. The Church system worked well for the prosperity of the people at the time, but later Popes decisions would eventually lead to the downfall of faith in Quebec. The early 19th to mid-twentieth centuries saw the farm, family, faith and language become the sacramental lifestyle of the Quebecois. At the abate of the 19th century in Rome, Pope Leo XIII called for a re impudental of ecclesial studies to modernise the Churchs lessons to aid in the application against the challenges of the new world. Reform-minded scholars were thus encouraged to explore and revise the conventional positions of the church and were given much elbowroom until the Popes death in 1903. His successor, Pope Pius X, had a much different approach.In 1907 the Pope published Pascendi Dominici Gregis, a letter condemning modernism as the synthesis of all heresies (Jodock, 56). The Vatican began enforcing anti-modernism, which set the stage for what would later be the Quiet revolution. The flow rate lead ing up to the 1960s was one through which the province had long been undergoing a process of industrialization and urbanization that had date back to the latter part of the nineteenth century. Various transformations had been taking place, making it no surprise that the Quebec Liberal Party (QLP) was able to dethrone the Union Nationale (UN) as leaders of provincial government. During the 1940s and 1950s, the image most frequently associated with Quebecs French-Canadian people was that of a church-ridden, agricultural society outside the mainstream of the urban-industrial North American way of life.Although the Catholic Church is credited for the preservation of the French language and culture, the Western world had moved its interest away from the large families and agriculture supported by the Church. This seemingly outdated view of Quebec as a society gave politicians a clear view on what to campaign for. Jean Lesage of the QLP was able to garner over 50% of the popular vote and gain 51 seats to defeat the UN, ending a 16 year run for that party in Quebec. The province was about to come out of the period known as la grande noirceur, due to the scandal and corruption that the Union Nationale leader used to remain in power, and to enter a new era that Quebec still finds itself in at this very moment. The Quebecois expected change and Lesage was to come through for them.As the causation provincial government had been supported by the Catholic Church, he had started what seemed to be a secularization process that coincided with the status of religion in Quebec at that time. among the years 1961 and 1971, religious practice in Montreal fell from 61 percent of the population to 30 percent, and only 14 percent among people aged 16-24. The low number of young Catholics raised many concerns for the Church as to wear they would find future replacements for its aging clergy (Gauvreau). The emergence of lay Quebec organizations that defined nationalism in terms of la nguage and political independence instead of religion also hastened a loss of confidence in the church. Not the least of significant markers in the 1960s was the bishops decision to dismantle Catholic Action itself. The entire process resulted in a de-Christianization that most defined carefully as not the downfall of private belief, but as the rapid loss of a Catholic public identity.Jean-Paul Desbiens wrote a letter under the name Brother Anonymous criticizing the education system, stating the importance of the involvement and control of the provincial government over such services. The characterization of Quebec citizens as a religious people was outdated and the following period gave birth to a new identity for the Quebecois to latch on to. The Premier began this procedure by having the province take control of education by first establishing the Department of Youth (which became the Ministry of Education in 1964) and provided free education up through high school.Lesage would then go on to make schooling up until the age of 16 mandatory with the belief that educating the youth would lead them to become the successful leaders of tomorrow, replacing the Anglophones who were in control of most of Quebecs businesses at the time. Continuing the reform, he increased government control over the healthcare system, by implementing a hospital insurance plan in 1961 (a prequel to Quebecs version of a universal healthcare plan in 1972).These two essential institutions, which had been the responsibility of the Catholic Church ever since the birth of New France, were now primarily in the hands of the provincial government, giving substantiation for the many that now believed Quebec was a secular society. In Conclusion, a land founded and built on Catholicism became a place renowned for its cultural diversity after the anti-modernisation of the Church forced the Quebecois to break free from its monopoly over the province. After exploring how the Catholic faiths image developed in Quebec, it is made evident that the stereotypical symbols of the 19th century Quebecois had to be shaken in the 20th century in order for them to prosper in the 21st century.Works CitedTentler, Leslie W. and Kevin Christiano. The Church Confronts modernness Catholicism since 1950 in the United States, Ireland, and Quebec. Washington, D.C. Catholic University of America, 2007. Print. 19-90Jodock, Darrell. Catholicism Contending with Modernity Roman Catholic Modernism and Anti-modernism in Historical Context. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.Van, Die Marguerite. Religion and Public Life in Canada Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Toronto University of Toronto, 2001. Print.Phan, Peter C. Ethnicity, Nationality and Religious Experience. Lanham, MD University of America, 1995. Print.Gauvreau, Michael. The churches and social order in nineteeth- and twentieth-century Canada. Montreal McGill-Queens University Press, 2006. Print.Baum, Gregory and Michael Gauvre au. The Catholic Origins of Quebecs Quiet Revolution, 1931-1970. Montreal McGill-Queens University Press, 2005. Print.

Workplace health and safety. In Queensland (Australia)

Effective wellness and preventive in the over elaborateings places is very essential in successful trail of a business. Ensuring that employees chip in the reform working environment forms the main recipe for their consummationive production and overall sustainability of an enterprise. This has been necessitated by the policies frameworks and ethical demands that indicate intrinsic reflexion of the employees and staff by the trouble and authorities (Barling, Loughlin, and Kelloway, 2002).Application of managements policies, strategic plans and enforcement of change being entirely dependent on the staff and employees for success, it is big to accord them the outperform operation platform for the same goals realization. The demand for golosh in the workplaces has risen drastically since the onset of the industrial revolution prompting uncompromising policies and regulations to guard the sanctity and integrity of the people. This essay explores Work Place Health and Safety in Queensland Australia and their potentness in channelressing various hazards in the region.Besides, it evaluates the present policies and legislative framework of Queensland in ensuring that the workers atomic number 18 fully safeguarded during their work. Background of OH&S in Queensland Queensland is a claim in Australia that occupies the North Eastern area of the continent. It is the second largest state with a population of ab divulge 4. 3 million by the year 2007 which represent about 20% of the total Australian population. Like other states, the regions work place health and safety demands are guided by the central administrations provisions.Notably, the state is classified among those that have effective work place and health safety measures in Australia. Under the Occupational Health and Safety legislation in Australia, the state has its own principle Occupational Health and Safety act that spells out the demand and standards for different groups and establishments in effecting the best working environments for the employees (Probst, 2004). It gives a clear framework and a cooperative system that organizations managements are essential to follow and stay fresh in order to guarantee the best operating environment for growth.Particularly, the management of all establishments is required to correspond that they provide safe premises for workers operations. Besides, machineries and substances are required to be totally safe for the employees to work with. In addition, information, instruction, and training should be given to the staff and the employees to keep them equipped with all the necessary skills for addressing emergencies for saving their lives and properties. It is no doubt that the state has a very high up value for human life a nonion that has gone a long way in enhancing its last two decades tremendous growth in the country.Selected activities on OH&S As indicated earlier, Queensland has set its own Occupational Health and Safety gu iding insurance that dictates its operations in seeking the best operating environment for the state. Over the years, the Workplaces Health and Safety Act of 1995 has been employ in Queensland to integrate into the management the best practices and systems that are necessary for maintaining the working place environment above the minimum standards.Therefore, it employs the following systems ? Risk management approaches that are incorporated as part of the mundane running of the business. Consultative mechanisms between the employees and management in addressing different health and safety issues. ? Provision of capacity building systems programs and supervision that assist in identifying and eliminating any hazard present in the work place environments. ? Besides cooperating with the firms management in establishing the best methods of addressing the rising levels of new hazard, it keeps the workplaces occupational health and safety information for review at various instances to e valuate the progress in the state. Research processThis research will be mainly based on the available literature to give it the ability to evaluate more information regarding Queensland application of the Occupational Health and Safety measures. With closer evaluation of the available policies and regulations in the state, the research will look into various organizations and how they effect the same policies in the state. Besides, it will explore the implications of the policies demands in organizations management and establish possible problems that they encounter during their application.Notably, the written report will use human resource management theories and principles of enhancing productivity in the work place and derive recommendations for the problems that Queenslands firms face in balancing the management to suck higher productivity and the demands for ideal environment for the workers (Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, 2009). Part B Analysis ? HRM liter ature evaluation Over the last decade, Queensland human resources managers for different industries have had to comply with different requirements of the state in provision of the required standards for the employees at their work places.As indicated earlier, work place safety is one of the most primal steps in achieving greater productivity from the employees. though most of the Human resources viewed the demands for workplace health and safety provision as part of an added expense, the ideology has been assimilated by studyity of the sectors and improved the overall working condition for the employees (Cooper and Phillips, 2004). However, a large percentage have not assimilated the system up to the require standards by the rules and policies in the state.Besides, the levels of cooperation between the government and most of the firms has been very low, a pointer that has been cited to indicate non compliance. (a) Health sector Provision of safe workplace environment is possibly m ost important with reference to the health sector. Health employees are usually unfastened to different infections as they attend to the patients. This is a major health risk in that most of the diseases are highly contagious and can affect them and their families (World Health Organization, 2002).They are also exposed to highly reactive dangerous chemicals. Notably, high technical school research institutions in major hospitals of Queensland involve use of highly reactive chemicals that are equally harmful to the researchers and the medical experts. Employees in radiotherapy sections are exposed to high radiations that may have long term negative effects on their health (Hegney, Plank, and Parker, 2003). To effectively address these problems, Human Resources management should understand the major implications of working in the health sector.As indicated by the new Work Place Health and Safety regulations of 2008, it is clear that human resources managers are supposed to tick tha t they provide the most effective methods for ensuring workers are completely safe in their work places. According to Part Sixteen Section 198-203, all the chemicals and hazardous substances that health centers use should be accompanied by the necessary protective precautions well indicated on their seals. The Act also requires that all the employees be given the correct tog up that prevents them from getting various contagious diseases.As provided for by the act, new health establishments should be assessed before licenses are issued to guarantee that they comply with the legislation. In Part cardinal of the same act, the design of institutions such as hospitals and health centers are supposed to be approved to ensure that they give the correct space for its activities effectively. It also provides for supervise of the health facilities by occupational health and safety officers to ascertain that all the regulations are adhered to. (b) Construction diligenceCurrently, Queenslan d is one of the fastest growing states in Australia and with major construction industries positioning themselves at the heart of the state. Workers in construction sites are generally exposed to high noise levels of the heavy machinery which have negative word square effects to them (Wangyal, 2001). Besides, they are also exposed to excess lights especially in the welding sections. This may cause temporary or permanent sight losings to them. They are also exposed to high dust levels which may have cancerous effects to their upper respiratory systems.Lifting of heavy materials may also get spinal cord problems. The government of Queensland policy on building industry has naturalised the Queensland code of Practice of the building and construction industry. Under this code of conduct, the expression and ethics for the management is outlined for ensuring maximum safety during construction operations. To add to that, the Work Place Health and Safety regulations of 2008 requires that constructions be certified by the government authorities to verify that machineries are not dangerous to the workers.Human resources management should provide the necessary attire that assists in reducing light, sound, and dust levels in the working sites (Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, 2009). Most importantly, the workers are supposed to be taken through inclusive training of how they are supposed to operate without causing harm to themselves and the businesses assets. (c) Hotel industry Many hotel industry workers have suffered in their operations as the management focuses more on the outlook.In most of the hotels, chefs and cooks are exposed to high temperatures that are harmful to their bodies especially with long term exposure (Gemmell, 2001). Though most of the hotels are shifting to the modern forms of energy, about 90% of them still have the tralatitious forms of fuel being in use (Department of Industrial Relations Workplace Health and Safety, 2003). This makes the employees to be exposed to great risks of upper respiratory infections from the carbon compounds.To add to that, most of the workers especially the waiters spend over 80% of their working sessions standing as they serve the consumers. This is extremely tiring and may cause poor lessen of blood in their systems. Ethically, the human resources management should be able to provide the correct rotational systems to reduce physical and psychological suffering for the workers. Besides, they should establish the correct systems for less operation hours especially for the waiters and install new machineries that are less harmful to the cooks. Organizations problems in addressing the problems (a) Cost Though many organizations have been willing to effect the demands of different rules and regulations, it is clear that cost is a major prohibiting factor. Human resources for most industries in Queensland indicate that thorough preventative systems are costly to buy, install, and ma intain (Lamm and Walters, 2004). In the hotel industry, installation of electric cookers may be the best system to reduce the effects of smoke and heat to the staff.However, such machineries are costly and consume coarse quantities of electricity and therefore unsustainable to maintain. In the construction industry, enclosed automated mixers for ballast and machinery silencers are very costly especially for the small construction companies. (b) Expertise and succession Arguably, most of the occupational health and safety demands are oriented towards training and capacity building as a major building block for sustainable safety. The Work Place Health and Safety Regulations of 2008 provides for periodical training of staff and employees.This operation is conducted by certified occupational health and safety officers who not save add cost to the production process, but may delay projects from commencements. Human resources management considers time lost to be very costly and unreco verable (Zohar, 2002). Besides, organizations management may be required to employ other officers to act as experts in ensuring that the required operations of machinery or particular systems are fully working(a) without causing any negative effect.(c) Compensations from work injuries. According to the Work Place Health and Safety regulations of 2008, it is the employees human rights to get the correct compensation of any injuries or harm that they get in the work places. However, even after provision with the necessary training and the correct attire, most of the work injuries take place out-of-pocket to employees carelessness. Even in such cases, the companies are still held responsible for the employees harm and forced to pay for the harm (Zohar and Luria, 2005).Legislative and policy framework on the state. As indicated earlier, Queensland have laws in all the departments to ensure that workers operate in the best environment possible. In 1995, the Workplace Health and Safety Act was established and reviewed in the year 2008. Notably this legislation is the main operating framework for determining the workplace standards of environment. Under this act, a cohesive framework to be used by organizations management is established with health and safety obligations be adhered to. Therefore, human resources managers use this as the main guideline for developing internal standards in their organizations.Besides, the act established a health and safety board that is responsible with encouraging participation by human resources managers and workers in developing bump systems of addressing issues affecting workers in the work places. To add to that, it provides for workers representatives from different organizations to bring the correct feedback on application of rules at the employees level. This notion has especially been effective in giving correct information as it reduces possible compromises by supervisors and people in managerial positions.Of greater effe ct of the policy is the provision for training, monitoring and punitive measures. This assists to ensure that the correct standards are not only understood, but intrinsically conceptualized by organizations management and workers. Particularly, the emphasis of the high risk operations close monitoring and tougher rules indicates the weight that government puts on its people. Though most of the human resources view these as part of the extra cost that can easily be shed off, it is wrong and law should be used to punish non compliance.Conclusion and recommendations Occupational health and safety is the most important aspect in any business establishment. The current laws in Queensland should be utilise with greater emphasis to ensure that all the employers comply with them and guarantee the best operating environment to the workers. As indicated above most of the firms cry foul of the high cost associated with meeting the required standards. However, success of a business is measured using a multiplicity of factors including motivation and satisfaction of the employees on the work they do.To ensure that the working environment is improved in Queensland, human resources management should operate closely with the government to establish better methods of applying the same rules and regulations. Besides, the government should enforce better monitoring systems that guarantee compliance with the demands of the policy at all cost (Goldenhar, Williams, and Swanson, 2003). Finally, organizations should seek to educate the employees and the public on their working rights to enable easier reporting mechanisms and effective countermeasures.

Revlon Case Study

Revlon is known as one of the best cosmetic companies of all time and is considered to be one of the worlds bouffantst. The primary core products of Revlon be rarity skin products, salon-quality dish aerial and hair products to include its drugstore fund of makeup. Revlon is based in New York and traded publicly. Their goal and vision has been to consistently provide quality beauty aids and products at a reasonable price. In the last few years Revlon has been struggling. With a debt almost at $2. 3 billion it has required the cosmetic giant to try and figure ways to reduce this debt.The research and development of Vital lambency, a line of cosmetics for older women was announced on January 2006, this roll out(a) was suppose to help revitalize sales and profit. The roll out of this product did not f atomic number 18 well and was not received by the market. The already lively competition had lower prices for their cosmetic products. These were being sold by major retailers li ke Wal-greens and Wal-mart, whom already had other Revlon products on its shelves. This being the case the product line was suspended nine months after being introduced. It is projected that this set back is going to cost the company in the $100 millions.In addition to the Vital Radiance launch, there had been plans to release a new fragrance in 2006 also. This was delayed until the debt that was incurred from their cosmetic introduction could be restructured. After issuing a $185 million in stock to attempt to raise money to lessen the debt, MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings agreed to purchase stock and also agreed to purchase any stock not bought by current s enquireholders. The following paragraphs below we will discuss how the future of Revlon is going to be determined by changes in demographic changes, social trends and how the competition set up to the urrent economy and the response of internal factors that contribute to the success of the company. The demographic composition of the United States has impacted the cosmetic and personal tutelage industry. A couple of major changes which have occurred that need to be considered, are the aging population and ethnic and racial population changes which are responsible for a major shift change. The stream amidst 1946 and 1964 approximately 75 million Americans were born in the U. S. this number is extremely symbolic for the cosmetic industry.These Americans are referred to as the baby boomers and the major plight with the baby boomers they do not like to spend money. Research has determined that the baby boomer gen date of referencetion have not changed how they spend money and the women from this era are working longer than in past years. A couple of other factors to consider is the U. S. teen market along with the ethnic and racial make-up. correspond to data collected the teen market is expected to be at around 20 million by 2010, this teen market consist of teenagers between the ages of 12 and 19.Along wi th this growth is the African Americans which is the largest of the ethnic groups is quickly being authoriseed by the Hispanic population and this ethnic group is expected to be the largest by 2010 and should surpass 40. 5 million individuals. In addition to this multi-cultural growth being experienced throughout the United States, the non-hispanic is expected to shrink 68% by 2010. If Revlon can take advantage of this growth and expand to the foreign markets where analysis has shown that there will be a lot of opportunities for potential sales of cosmetic and personal care products throughout the world.Obviously with when there are positive aspects in telephone circuit, there is always some type of negative influence that could potentially affect the overall business climate and growth of a company. In regards to Revlon, mint are much socially, morally and fiscal conscious more than ever before. Older people alas are a negative affect because they typically have limited less d isposable income and have a less desire for look dandy items, they are set in their ways. Gas prices affect how people spend also and lastly the industry has always been under scrutiny for the abuse of animals that are used in cosmetic testing.So companies like Revlon have to always be very aware that consumer watch groups are constantly monitoring what companies like Revlon are doing. Knowing this and maintaining social responsibility, will prevent companies like Revlon from being run through the courts thereby ruining their reputation and any potential growth to transmit out debt. Considering all these factors it behooves Revlon to really push the world markets so as not to limit themselves to U. S. sales, which currently is experiencing a recession which has decreased the dollar lever throughout the world, so by taking advantage or global business and maintaining U.S. sales Revlon should be able to show a positive gain income in the near future. Revlon like some(prenominal) other cosmetic and skin care firms face competition in this industry that is out of this world. So many companies want a piece of this market, that it appear to be saturated with all types of cosmetic companies. Women, obviously the largest consumer in the industry with men now desiring to maintain their younker prefer to shop at local drugstores, super values stores like Wal-mart and Kmart.Additional companies like Avon and the internet have made it easier for the consumer to save time and money by using these types of sales. For Revlon, not only do companies, home shopping and door to door type cosmetic firms, represent competition, but the major competitors such Procter and Gamble, Avon, Estee lauder and LOreal are significant, that capture U. S. sales and foreign market sales. Others like specialty stores Sephora and Body Shop to include Victoria Secrets and the facing pages to name a few represent additional challenges.To add to the challenges currently facing Revlon, there is competition for the African market. Famous models and singers alike have true their own brands and capturing portions of the African market and advertise to the African American community. By studying and analyzing the cosmetic market it is inborn for Revlon to look to other avenues to make themselves more attractive to the consumer. By investing into the company increasing their visibility in the social realm will be significant in attracting a big consumer base.Revlon invested a great deal of money on research and how to provide better services to women. More than $25 million dollars has been spent thus far. additionally by using familiar faces to assist in amplifying Revlons loading to social responsibility they are attracting more people. Singers like Sheryl Crow, who actively participates on a board for Revlon that is responsible for research cures for cancer in addition Ms Crow being associated with the National Breast Cancer Coalition, which is also supported by Revlo n truly magnifies the maturity of the firm to help the ommunity. Revlon is committed to events that sponsor fund raising opportunities to find cures in addition to supporting agencies like the National Council of negro Women, and New York Women in film is indicative to the commitment to social responsibility. The reorganization of management to save money annually has been implemented by David Kennedy who is the CEO and was selected in 2006. His previous experience as Coca-Cola exe rationaliseive and the previous CFO for Revlon made him a perfect fit for a company under stress.His plan to cut 8% of the Revlon workforce, which equates to round 250 positions, which is intended to save the company approximately $34 million dollars a year. By consolidating different functions throughout the company and simplification set management allows for eht reduction in personnel. However, without a doubt when a company plans to save money, they have to spend money to get there. It is estimated that it will cost about $29 million dollars to restructure but as previously stated it is intended to save the company $34 million dollars annually thereafter.Once implemented it is essential to go after the market by changing or reorganizing marketing techniques. Marketing and advertising are key to the survival of Revlon. Revlon primary customers are the large merchandisers and chain drug stores. Although the debt is high Revlon has still maintained the development side of its organization and is still is main objective. Without changing, developing and designing they would fall behind the major competitors. In 2006 Revlon spent a little over $24 million dollars on research and development, but most importantly hired 170 people to accomplish this.Even through trying times, advertising continues to be the way to go and promote the company. Investing in popular faces to be spokespersons such as Halle Berry, Julianne Moore and Eva Mendez, and so on , is attractive to the consumer a nd by using a variety of women of different ages markets their products to young and middle aged alike. The current manufacturing and scattering of Revlon has allowed the company to pull their resources and consolidate facilities.By reducing the amount of distribution facilities has allowed for spoke and hub operations, which allows a company to cover more locations from a single vantage point. With its current locations Revlon is well suited to manage its distribution points. The financial outlook during the restructuring period did not fare well with a net loss of $50 million dollars due to this the restructuring program is ongoing. Revlons commitment to build a solid brand and improve their organizational commitment abilities is their life line.

Interview Skills Essay

1. List three key components involved in the communication process.Sender (encoder).Channel (Message).Receiver (Decoder).2. commit three key characteristics of effective communication and briefly explain their impact on the communication process.Openness is a key characteristic of communication, as by listening with an capable mind and showing genuine interest, the relationship and trust amongst the client and counsellor grows. Openness with body language is also important, as it lets the client know you atomic number 18 being honest and congruent.Empathy is another important characteristic, as by being empathetic you are concerned, understand, and care for the client thereby making a warm, friendly environment that is safe for the client to be able to talk freely.Thirdly, positiveness is important in communication. Using positive quite than negative messages, both verbal and non-verbal, shows the client that you respect them, their beliefs and believe in their ability to gain personal awareness and growth.3. In the communication processes between a client and a counsellor, barriers may be present. List three specific communication barriers.Environment.Timing.Perceptions.4. Take one of the communication barriers given in your answer to the interrogative sentence above, and briefly describe how you would apply strategies to overcome these barriers.Environmental factors can be a barrier to listening as outside noise, telephones and even other large number talking can distract you from getting aclear message and understanding of what the client is saying. To avoid this clients should be seen in a fairly soundproof room, with the windows and door shut to cut out excess noise. Also if possible, your phone should be on silent, so as not to distract either yourself or your clients line of thought.5. List two basic micro-skills of counselling and briefly describe how they can be used to facilitate the relationship between counsellor and client.To facilitate a g ood client and counsellor relationship, the use of active listening is very important so as the client feels they are heard, understood and respected. The counsellor needs to focus on what is being said, as well as how it is said, so they get a clear understanding. The counsellor also has to not let listening barriers distract them or the client. Barriers can include judging, filtering, day dreaming or environmental factors. Paraphrasing is another micro-skill that builds a good rapport. By the counsellor picking the most important details and reflecting them back to the client, they are clarifying what has been said and the client knows that the counsellor is listening and understands what they are saying. Paraphrasing also admirer build trust and promotes sharing.6. List one right micro-skill of counselling and briefly explain how it can be used in the counselling process.One advanced micro-skill of counselling is to challenge the client. This is used in the counselling process to assist making the client aware of faulty thinking, self-limiting and destructive behaviours and beliefs. It is very important though, to all use this micro-skill once the counsellor has built a good relationship with the client, and then, it should only be used where really necessary. Then with this new awareness, hopefully, the client is open to explore more positive beliefs, thinking and behaviours.

Journal on Hamlet’s quote Essay

Hamlet is one of Shakespeares most discussed plays. The drama has a lot of figurative language to be interpreted in various meanings. Among the famous quotes interpreted from Hamlet, perhaps the one bringing a wide range of different opinions is the line Hamlet said to his friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Why, then, tis none to you for there is nothing either unattackable or bad, but thinking makes it so to me it is a prison. (Shakespeare, Hamlet, II, ii, 249.) There is a deep concept in this saying, which perfectly represents the reality and the values of right and wrong.In the context, despite Hamlet saying this line does not refer to the moral values in the society it does reflect the theme of the play. In this scene when Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, his overaged friends directed by King Claudius to come and check on his madness, Hamlet simply is mocking his fake friends naiveness. However, this quote does not only have this jocular effect, but also foretells the theme of the play. Hamlet is the play of revenge, of finding the truth, of defining what is right and what is wrong. The way the prince thinks about life is going to help him deciding on his actions. . . . for there is nothing either good or bad implies in this world, nothing being is given a low or high value, a righteous or foul reason to exist. The way people look at it, react to it, and perceive it make it good, or bad.For instance, killing is always considered a horrible crime, but in the play Hamlet has to decide to murder his own uncle. However in that situation it is not completely a crime. It whitethorn either be right or wrong, depends on each persons view on what is more meaningful, a life, or the elimination of bad deeds. The decision to make bold something as right or wrong also depends on a lot of different background like historical, cultural and other aspects. Hamlet considers the join between his mom and his uncle two months later King Hamlets death is unethical. The trut h is in other nations, relatives do get royal marriage right after death of a family member to re primary(prenominal) the stability within the royal clan, which is considered great wisdom and of great moral. In each persons view, an event has various private relations to his belief and moral conception therefore the definitions of right and wrong, good and bad vary among people.The argument of right and wrong, or good and bad, perhaps is the main themeof the play. Is revenge a good excuse for murder? Is Hamlet not doing the same thing as Claudius did to his father? The answers lay upon each earshot and his own opinion, as the truth lays in thinking makes it soWork CitedShakespeare, William. Hamlet. Rpt. in Compact Literature Reading Reacting Writing. By Kirszner and Mandell. 6th ed. 2007.

Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay

It is only natural for humans to subscribe to mistakes, just like ameer in the novel The Kite Runner, alone it is how the mistakes are resolved that go forth dictate 1s fate. The main character of The Kite Runner, emeer, knows a thing or two about do mistakes. What he struggles with throughout the novel is finding redemption for those mistakes. Throughout all stages of Amirs life, he is striving for redemption. Whether Amir is saying the wrong thing or hiding from a hurtful truth, he al focusings finds new things he will have to redeem himself for.That is why redemption is a extensive underlining theme in The Kite Runner. When Amir is a child, he feels his father blames him for his mothers destruction and cannot love him. He does everything he can think of to try and scram up for the mistakes he make in the past. Since Amir feels his father does not love him, he thinks of trends to make things right with him. Amir sees Baba as a perfect higher presence that he could never amount to.When the increase outpouring competition comes around he takes this opportunity to prove to his father that he can be to a greater extent of an ideal son to Baba, ultimately getting redemption for everything his father has not approved of. Amir sees Baba as a perfect father figure because everyone looks up to him. Amir could never live up to Babas expectations of him and that is where the theme of redemption comes to play between these two characters. Although Amir impresses his father by winning the kite running competition, he ends the day by hurting his best friend in a disgusting way and one day he will have to find a way to make up for it.Amir and Hassan are two inseparable children, but their relationship is unusual because Hassan is Amirs servant. Amir is never very nice to Hassan, but Hassan would never turn his spur on Amir. This is unvarnished when he says, For you a thousand times over. Amir makes a huge mistake one day by hurting Hassan and it takes a very long time for him to find a way to redeem himself. The kit running competition was supposed to be the best day of Amirs life. He would win, and earn his dads unconditional love once and for all, but things are not always as they seem.Although Amir did win the competition, something went very wrong. Hassan will always have Amirs back, until the day he dies he would do anything for him. When Amir cut the last Kite down from the sky, Hassan determined to run it. Assef and his two friends didnt exactly want Hassan to bring the kite back to Amir. Amir is a very evil young boy and since Hassan would do anything for Amir, he refuses to hand the kite over to Assef. Hassans final act of bravery results in his rape and Amirs next big mistake. Amir watches Assef and his friends rape Hassan, but he does nothing to help his friend.Amir goes many years knowing this breeding but never tells anyone, but what goes around comes around. When everything finally catches up with Amir, he is a grown ma n. Things in Amirs life have finally settled down, but now the past is brought back up he must go find redemption once more. Amir survived his childhood, made a good life for himself and marries a beautiful Afghan woman named Soraya. One thing Amir is deprived of in his life is the ability to have children.Amirs inability to have children could possibly be looked at as coincidental or symbolic to him making amends for his past mistakes and misgivings. Amir receives a phone call from his fathers old friend Rahim Khan. Although Rahim is dying, he asks Amir to come inspect him in Afghanistan. Amir soon realizes that the main reason Rahim Khan asked him to visit was not to see him onwards he died, but because Rahim wants to help Amir succeed in reaching his final redemption. Rahim Khan has know about the kite running competition for Amirs entire life, and he has a way for him to try and set things right. Hassan, who is dead now, has a son, but he is an orphan boy.The Taliban has taken over Afghanistan and they killed Hassan and his wife in cold blood. Sohrab, who is Hassans son, has been taken by the Taliban as payment for the orphanage. Rahim Khan puts Amir up to the challenge of going to find Sohrab and giving him a proper home. He states, I have a way to make things right again. In order for Amir to redeem his past with Hassan, he must go and find Sohrab, who is the ultimate symbol of redemption in Amirs life. finding Sohrab was Amirs greatest accomplishment, it was the ultimate redemption for all the evil and unjust things that have taken up(p) his past. Amir fails to stand up for himself and others, as a child. As an adult, he redeems his uncourageous past by reach it right with the help of some very close family members. Amir goes through many stages in his life, but he always seems to be redeeming himself for something. Sometimes life seems to work out in the end, and the calculate for redemption may not always be easy, as witnessed in Amirs case. How ever, a strong will and determination can help guide the road to redemption and possible forgiveness.

Effect of Text Messaging on Teen Age Students

SINHGAD TECHNICAL INSTITUTES CAMPUS SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT A Study on impact of schoolbook communicate on teen duration students Prep atomic number 18d by Rambhu kumar(11) Komal jaiswal(15) Pankaj kakani(17) Sukirti keswani(18) Nitin maske(19) Introduction 1 See it? Hear it? Take it This is still the mantra of many schools across the country that succinctly summarizes the policy concerning carrel phones in schools in essence, they atomic number 18 banned. Yet, intimately teenagers are nearly inseparable from their booth phones, non beca manipulation they are constantly public lecture, and beca wont they are connecting with their friends through textual matter pass.As a phenomenon, this was originally unprecedented and unpredicted, especially because text put across capabilities were designed strictly for mobile phone companies to communicate with their customers. striplingagers, digital natives born into a public rich in technology who take ubiquitous comput ing for granted, tend to lead the way with most technologies, and text messaging is no different. The popularity of text messaging has placed people in positive and blackball situations. On the positive side, text messaging is utilized as a source of information and reminders.Even the parents begin to learn about it from their kids . Whereas on the negative side, teenagers are easily distracted at school. Instead of compensable attention in pathes, students are texting away. Ive seen this happen a dissever in college. Especially in spunky schools, this leads to falling grades, and poor report cards. Some kids are up late messaging their friends, which experts believe could ease up a significant impact on sleep. What are some of the effects that texting is having on teen age students?That is the question that our group explores in this paper. We conduct surveys and take a look at scholarly and periodic articles, looking to find some of the effects that the modern day texting phenomenon is causing. We examine the impacts that texting is making on our actors line and opus skills, the impacts on teenagers and their social lives, and the dangers of texting and driving. Review of Literature2,3 Through a review of literature from diverse disciplines and some(prenominal) scholarly and popular media, we examine two questions 1.How are teenagers using text messaging in their universal lives? 2. How can text messaging be used in educational settings? Mode of Inquiry mod cellular phones defend countless applications that leave behind them to act not only as mobile phones but in addition as music, video, and game players, cameras, global positioning systems, and devices that provide access to the Internet and a array of applications. For this particular(a) analysis, the focus is strictly on teenagers and young adults (ages 11- 21) using the short message service (SMS), or text messaging capabilities.It does not include the use of SMS to post to Facebook, Twitter, or other social net acidifying sites, as that would require the receiver to pee-pee access to Internet to read such messages or post replies. Teen Use of Text Messaging Reasons for Use Teenagers arrest adopted text messaging as their prime form of text-based dialogue, preferring it level over e-mail (Lenhart, 2009) there are several reasons for the popularity of text messaging. First, it is quicker adolescents have found that by texting, they can forego the normal chit-chat involved in phone conversations. oneness teen verbalize that even for a quick question, youd have to go through the niceties of greetings and spend epoch talking about other things (Faulkner Culwin, 2005). Text messaging is also cheaper, because messages are generally charged by the message, not the word count. In contrast, the follow of a phone conversation varies as it is charged by the minute. Also, the spatial relation of sender/receiver does not contact the charge. Many teenagers pay the ir own mobile phone bills, and pay-as-you-go plans allow them to budget to a greater extent accurately (Faulkner Culwin, 2005). Finally, many teens state that text messaging is more convenient.Phones can be switched to silent mode, so they do not set off others, and allows texting to be make surreptitiously and away from parents or teachers (Grinter Eldrige, 2001). E-mail is the preferred mode of conference for school or work, but when teenagers want something that is fast, immediate, and can be done anywhere texting is preferred (Lev-Ram, 2006). For teenagers, the cell phone is almost always with the person, so it is constantly accessible. universe small and silent, the cell phone is easily transported and used furtively under the supervision of authority, as compared to email, which requires a computer (Thurlow, 2003).Many teenagers have reported that they share a computer with family members or that it is in a popular area of the home so instant messaging and email can be observed (Faulkner Culwin, 2005). In addition, because the phone displays both text and sender, the user can choose when and if to respond to a message and has cartridge holder to compose an appropriate response. Girls, in particular, often invite others to help them compose their responses (Faulkner Culwin, 2005).Reid and Reid (2004) have also theorized that other part of the attractiveness of texting is the visual anonymity it seems to afford, especially for socially anxious people, as the texter does not motif to see/hear the recipient. In addition, it provides almost perpetual contact for those who are lonely. Lohnes Watulak (2010), drawing on the work of Thurlow (2003) and Clark (2005), sites the desire for constant contact as a significant reason for undergraduate students to text during class, even if they acknowledge that that texting is rude and the content is trivial. Need for studyWith general overview of todays society, cell phones are bonnie a modern day necessit y among teenagers. The reason why they are in so oftentimes demand is because of text messaging which is the most popular mode of communication these days. The need to study this particular topic is to find out the impact of this mode of communication on teenagers, both positive and negative. And also to see whether it is actually a necessity or just a trend which is followed because of its popularity. In this interrogation we are also going analyse the future impacts of text messaging on teenagers.How mobile companies are using the increased use of text messaging to their advantage is also discussed in this research project. teaching of problem There have been many ill effects on education pattern of students, because of these text messaging phenomena. The institutions are finding it hard to cope with this habit of teenagers as it is leading to a lot of amazement and also parents are worried because of falling grades of their kids. The gargantuangest issue of all is that stude nt are not ready to detach themselves from their mobile phone.Thats why even if institutes and parents come up with a antecedent to the problem, it is next to impossible to implement it. Objectives 1. To agnize the habits of teenage students regarding text messaging. 2. The impact of text messaging on the text messaging on teenage students (positive and negative). 3. To understand and analyze the usage of mobile phones during class hours. 4. To understand the extent to mobile usage for communication among teen age students. 5. To understand whether prefer normal messaging or online messaging. Hypothesis . Teen age students knows about various applications used for messaging. 2. Text messaging has various effects on teen age groups. Research Design and Methodology4 Sampling Design Sampling is operate of taking sample from large population. We have design questionnaire and on the basis of this questionnaire we have collected the entropy from school and colleges. Sources and Metho ds of Data collection We prepared a questionnaire containing total of 14 questions in definite order. The teenagers have to give answers of questions of questionnaire. 100 tudents from a Sinhgad Institute were used as participants in this research. These participants were selected randomly. Methods of Analysis and Statistical Tools We have collected data from 100 samples and used chi-square method, SPSS software, excel. Facts and finings Q. 1) you communicate with your friends and known people by 1) Text messaging 2) Messaging through net 3) Messaging through landline 4) Call through mobile 1) 36% 2) 30% 3) 4% 4) 30% Q. 2) How frequently you communicate with mobile messaging? 1) Daily 2) Sometime 3) Ones in workweek 4) Ones in month 5) No ) 47% 2) 33% 3) 6% 4) 5% 6) 9% Q. 3) How often you recharge your message packs? 1) Ones in week 2) Ones in month 3) Twice in month 4 ) Others 5)No 1) 15% 2) 40% 3) 17% 4) 13% 5) 15% Q. 4) Are you satisfied with your mobile text messaging for effec tive communication with your friend circle? 1) Fully satisfied 2) Less satisfied 3) Moderate 4) No 1) 47% 2) 14% 3) 24% 4) 15% Q. 5) Do you enjoy text messaging communication through mobile phone? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 6) Do you keep move messaging even during class hours? ) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 4) Only in nip 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 7) Do you think it is good to use mobile phone during class hours? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 54% 2) 8% 3) 38% Q. 8) Does your school allow use of mobile phones generally? 1) Sometimes 2) Every time 3) No 1) 43% 2) 9% 3) 48% Q. 9) fit in to you what are the advantages of text messaging? 1) Sharing information 2) Cheaper way of communication 3) Quick way of communication 4) No effect 1) 26% 2) 30% 3) 40% 4) 4% Q. 10) According to you what are the disadvantages of text messaging? )Spelling mistakes Grammatical mistake 2) Copying 3) Morphing 4) Wastage of time due to messaging 5) Sometime effect on IQ level 6) No effect 7) Others if any(Specify)- 1) 34% 2) 27% 3) 15% 4) 7% 5) 7% 6) 10 Q. 11) Does it disturb your concentration during classrooms? 1) Fully 2) Partly 3) Not at all 1) 14% 2) 40% 3) 46% Q. 12) Does it affect your study after school hours 1) Fully 2) Partly 3) Not at all 1) 23% 2) 19% 3) 58% Q. 13) According to you which mobile operator is popular? 1) Vodafone 2) Airtel 3) Idea 4) Others (Specify)- 1) 41% 2) 20% 3) 18% 4)21 Q. 4) during which time you prefer to text? 1) Some specific time 2) Spare time 3) before class hours 4) subsequently class hours 5) every time 1) 35% 2) 22% 3) 4% 4)7% 5)32% Scope and Limitation of the study epoch-making research has been conducted on text messaging among teen age students of SIT and how their personal as well up as school life is affected because of it. We also analysed negative effect on teenagers and to what extent it has done bad to students. Further we studied about some positive effects of texting and how it helped them kno wledge sharing and cost savings. 1. What role does and should text messaging have in school? . What impact does long term use of texting have on youth literacies? 3. Can text messaging increases students reading and writing abilities in ways not currently addressed through traditional means? 4. Can text messaging reminders increases student participation and achievement without aggravating the already prevalent digital device and teacher workloads? 5. If cell phones become an accepted educational tool like calculators, will the dire predictions of increased distraction and poor language use come true or will cell phones become as common-place as overhead projectors and what are the implications of this? ConclusionCell phones have become a modern day necessity, to the point that they are a must have for every teenager. Teenagers are getting increasingly attached to these devices, depending on them more and more for their communication with their friends or family. About 80% of teenag ers text on a daily basis. Many of the people I surveyedreceived their first phone between the ages 11- 15. They also started texting asyoung as 11 and as old as 17. Teens have created a whole pertly language throughtexting which researchers refer to as short message service (SMS) language ortexts. perfunctorystudents are adding words to the language.Some of the SMS language some believe texting has a negative effect, positive effect, or does not have an effect atall. Through our research we analysed that texting had some impact like students could share information and other important notices. Also it has proved to be a less expensive mode of communication and parents also got to learn from their kids. Whereas there are numerous negative effects like the grammar of the students is affected to a great extent. Also students have started using short forms for words to save space and time. Another big risk is Morphing and sending unwanted pictures of girls which leads to big scandals .It has even lead to bad psychological impact on students. Irrespective of above mentioned effects students find it very important these days to have a cell phone and to them it is more of a blessing then a curse. Bibliography 1. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Teen_Age_Message 2. http//www. academia. edu/1156350/Text_Messaging_and_Teenagers_A_Review_of_the_Literature 3. http//www. studymode. com/subjects/literature-review-on-the-effect-of-text-messaging-on-literacy-skill-page1. html 4. C. R. Kothari Research methodology Methods and Techniques second edition, New age international publishers.

Personal Philosophy of Man , God and the World Essay

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirst of all, I am grateful to the Almighty God for establishing me to f are this project. I wish to express my sincere thanks to SOTERO H. LAUREL Librarians, for providing me with all the necessary facilities and books that I motivation to be able to carefully analyze all the topics that allow been discuss in philosophy of tender existence.I also thank Professor Josefina C. Perez, one of the faculties in College of Arts and Sciences of Lyceum of the Philippines University. I am extremely grateful and indebted to her for her expert, sincere and valuable guidance and cost increase extended to me. I put on record, my sincere gratitude to my close friends, best friends and college friends for their constant encouragement. I also thank to my parents for their unceasing encouragement and support. Lastly, I thank to Professor Violeta G. Tabin, full time faculty in College of Arts and Sciences of the Lyceum of the Philippines University, for fetching this opportunity t o comprehensive to understand the subject of Philosophy of existence. I also placed on record, my intellect of gratitude to one and all who, directly or indirectly, have lent their helping in hand in this venture. INTRODUCTIONMy project is all about the Philosophy of Man, God and the world according to Pre Socratic Philosophers who spurned traditional and mythological explanations that they have a lot of rational explanations that some of them I believed in, Great Pillars of westward thought or Classic Greek Philosophy that focusing on the role of reason and interrogatory in explaining man and soul that some of them I contradict to their beliefs, Medieval Philosophers which their philosophy refers to philosophy in Western Europe but this philosophy of era is one of the greatest achievements in philosophical theology, newfangled Philosophy that centers on the relation between experience and the reality, the ultimate origin of knowledge, the nature of the mind and its relation to the body, the implications of the new natural sciences for free will and God and find out some of this philosophers are more believes in science and this Modern Philosophy will discuss my belief in God, Man and the world on existentialism, utilitarianism and communism, lastly the Eastern Philosophers whos belief generally does not focus on a single, indivisible, all powerful God, I also write my philosophy of God which the eastern philosophers was near absent from some of their beliefs to God like in Buddhism and Confucianism and the Hinduism that they said God is Brahman from them but they have almost 3 Gods. My belief in the world, man and God shall be presented in different views which I have more discuses and written on the next page.

Accuracy of Historical Films

How true a portrayal of Roman prize clambererial games and finish is the movie gladiator? In society today historic flicks be and valuable to society as a form of entertainment. Historical events throw away operate some other form of input signal for directors when creating an engaging make for audiences . Len the creation of a film many historic Inaccuracies occur as seen In the film Gladiator.This film Instead of being a historical deflexion of the Roman culture and gladiatorial games tends to embody the idea of certain characters and events. They reflect 21st speed of light ideals onto these historical events to create a film that will arouse to the dregs of the people. Ultimately these inaccuracies atomic number 18 in insignifi provoket in detracting from the purpose of these films which is to entertain. Historical films are provided a form of entertainment that is used to engage the masses exclusively this is the extent of its value to society.Unlike a documen tary, films are supposed to be aesthetic Journeys and historical events are merely another form of stimulus for a director trying to create an Individual storyline. On the release of the historical film 300, Warner Pros issued a statement Insisting that it developed this film purely as a fictional work with the sole purpose of entertaining audiences . In order to entertain audiences film makers must use these historical events , edit where necessary ,to create an film for a 21st hundred audience.Gladiator Is a key example of where an aspect of a culture has been reworked into a blockbuster film. The writer for Gladiator started to develop the story after reading those who are about to die by Daniel P wild . The sinking f the titanic is an important historical event provided in order to skunk this event to a current audience it was mixed with a Romeo and Juliet love story . David Benison summed up on the nose the method in which accuracy in a historical film is undertaken as for being dead faithful to the source material, Im always going to pick the project .The accuracy of these films depictions are compromised so that it can be guided by the Inner logic of capitalism. Gladiator through this guidance do $457, 640,427 at the box office a very tricky task If you do not appeal to the audience. As seen In the film Gladiator, historical films tend to embody the Idea of a culture In order to appeal to the wider audience. While the film makers attempt to portray the emperor as the antagonist of the story, they but remove or add material where they see necessary.In the film Gladiator Marcus Aurelias describes his son Commodes as an criminal man and thus is unable to present him with emperors but this is contradictory as Commodes was a joint regulation with his father Marcus Aurelia . While ancient historian Did Cassias refers to Commodes as a greater curse to the Romans the production aggroup have excluded facts such as his self-portrayal as Hercules , his left handedness and the conspicuous growth on his jetty as these werent necessary to the plot line and catered to the needs of the actors.This sense of recognition is further seen In how the film Gladiator portrays ancient Rome to be a grand city full of white buildings. The coliseum was recreated as Riddle Scott felt that the real Coliseum was too small so Instead the CGI police squad created a grand Rome of the Imagination with a much larger coliseum ND richly white buildings as such to relate with the modern perception of this many colored building but today modern society can only view these structure without the color and in slight grandeur.Gladiators historical inaccuracies are further seen in its depiction of gladiatorial games as they aim to heighten the implement within the film. The central character of supreme is not a historical figure but is merely a personification of the traits that create a gladiator. Russets Crows depiction off brave, fearless, skilled gladi ator mirror many historical sources such s Valerian Maximum who references the bravery skill and passion that are common among the great gladiators. These characteristics are cited by Cicero who describes the gladiators to be incredible well disciplined.Although they have avoided they have used historical figures as stimulus for the central character and as part of the story line. There was indeed a General Maximum who was an advisor to Marcus Aurelias , and Commodes was killed by a gladiator named Narcissus . These unless are two different people but their storyline have been merged to increase the excitement of he games which is further seen where Maximum a Protractor gladiator fights multiple different gladiators and animals.This contrasts to ancient gladiatorial games where he would have only been able to fight another Protractor rather than the Retailers (gladiators fighting with nets), Estuaries (gladiators on chariots) and Tigris . The warping of facts can further been seen in the remainder of Commodes in the arena. Although Commodes did fight in the arena , he always fought as a Sector and therefore Maximum should have faced him as a Retailers but instead both men ought as no accompaniment gladiator type. This battle did not result in his death but rather Commodes was strangled in his home .While the death rate in the film is over 50% Professor David Potter believes the death rate to be 5-10% as too much time and money had been invested into them. Therefore gladiatorial games were to inaugural blood . All of these inaccuracies are created to increase the entertainment value and appeal to a 21st century audience. In the film industry and especially to a 21st century audience the inaccuracies of these films become tangential because they increase the entertainment value of the film. The problem however is when these films are described as being historically accurate.Historical films are unreliable for a historian studying the time period but are un flustered useful for discerning the 21st century western perception of Roman society. Gladiator is guilty of assumed advertising as Peter Russell, art director, states that the film is based factually on the events of the time . though we can assume this is merely a marketing ploy as the majority of society is undereducated . As one review of the film dutifully states there was no alternative odder audiences would have judge or recognized and this is true for many of the inaccuracies within the film.Oliver Reed Justifies these inaccuracies when he states we are not reservation a documentary and anyway if they were to make a historically accurate film it would be too long. jean Shaw further states that films need to appeal to their audience by having an exciting plot, a lot of drama in order to become successful. As George Lucas was quoted the secret to film is that its an illusion and this illusion allows millions all over the universe of discourse to and gain an insight into past civilization.In our modern 21st century society today, historical films are merely an individuals recreation of a culture. The have incredible value to the entertainment industry in providing stimulus for films, however the creation of these the goal off film. The film Gladiator clearly shows how the reliability of a films portrayal of culture and in these particular case gladiatorial games is warped based on the decisions of the production team. Historical education is better suited to historians and lets leave film makers to cater for the rest of society.

Nature valuable resources

RENEWABLE ENERGY IS AN amply-ticket(prenominal) DIVERSION FROM THE REAL TASK OF SECURING ENERGY SOURCES FOR THE COMING DECADES. DISCUSS.The technological promotion of the human existences enabled them to reoceanrch and confront nature s worthy resources that finally led our civilisation far in front. Non renewable, particularly the fogy fuel velocity up the tempo of development. exclusively those resources, make in the geological timescale is about to be consumed within a century. Undoubtedly we need readiness to force our life get ahead and keep the gait of development this demand of zippo compel us to happen out its pickaxs. The hunt of appropriate resources is travel on, many mountain argon recomm residuuming on behalf of renewable resources. renewable nil such as solar, transmission line veritable, hydro, moving continue and bio fuel be seen as the alternate elan vital, nevertheless at that place be a scope of obstructions confronting the rapid development of these engineers they are seeking to set up themselves in an out-of-date institutional, merchandise and industrial context. ( Elliot, D. , 2003 ) .Though these engineering sciences are recognised as options, n atomic number 53 of them are free from restraints and inordinate furtherance of these engineerings could blow the natural system. So it is ingrained to measure the benefits and menaces due to the application of these engineerings before their exe baseball swingion. The purpose of this screen is to happen out the causes behind the promotion of these vitality beginnings, their restriction and impact on babble outle primer coat to happen out why and how the recreation towards these postal code beginnings sens be expensive and to propose the break off manner to conserve energy for future.Causes behind the furtherance of Renewable Energy BeginningsAssorted factors are responsible for the publicity of renewable energy beginnings. The on-going stage business of clime alteration and imposed compulsory rigorous dockets to get the infract of it, consuming modesty of fossil fuel and the issue of energy security for the defers are found to be the major(ip) causes behind it ( OECS/IEA 2008 ) . In recent old ages, these beginnings are used to supply energy for the sylvan or stray communities excessively ( ITDG, 2000 ) and even to supplement the of all time increasing demand of energy.The irritation over the green house louse up rising slope is ace of the major grounds, if no alterations are made on the bing state of aff cables, concentrations of CO2 could increase to any bit very much as 630ppm by 2050 and 1,200ppm by the terminal of the century ( OECS/IEA 2008 ) . Many scientific surveies suggest that the net concentration of nursery gas beyond 450 ppm CO2 equivalent for good may build to a series of micro climatic shift key and put up a ego prolonging rhythm of rapid sublunar heating ( Deutche Bank, 2008 ) . So this demoralize state of aff advertises demands for the options of this green house gas emitter and the publicity of renewable beginnings are being through to forestall it.An estimated $ 71billion was invested in new renewable energy except well-favoured hydroworld power worldwide in the yr 2007, up from $ 55billion in the twelvemonth 2006 and $ 40 billion, this addition was brainly due to solar PV and weave energy ( REN21, 2007 ) . The graph below reveals the to a great extent increasing t determinationency of investing on renewable sectors.Causes of energy demandThe employment of energy is influenced by the creation and economic growing. The increased population demands to a greater extent energy where as economic prosperity multiplies the demand several creases. United States of America consists of 5 % of fickle population where as consumes 25 % of the planetary oil production ( Alliance to energy nest eggs, 2005 ) . In recent old ages extremely come oning states are devouring more than energy. A survey shows that in the Hangzhou metropolis of China, along with the economic development, urbanisation and betterment in peoples populating localisation of function, the residential energy phthisis come up dramatically, it was increased by 93.75 % while the population growing was merely 9.22 % from the twelvemonth 2001 to 2006 ( Ouyang, J.,2009 ) . The increasing multitudes of turning middle(a) category in the development states are turning into energy rapacious and the states are desp standard pressureing to recrudesce energy for their pronto turning economic system.Along with the population and economic growing, the incompetent substructure and machines at any rate increase the usage of energy. For illustration, the ill insulated house needs more energy for infinite warming whereas the inefficient engines use more energy even for the little end product ( Ouyang, J. , 2009 ) .Harmonizing to OECD/IEA, 2009, non OECD states account for the 93 % of planetary energy demand bet ween 2007 to 2030, driven mostly by China and India.Restriction of Renewable EnergyRenewable energy chiefly solar, song current, hydro, wave, bio fuel and geo thermal are emerging as the new beginnings of energy barely all of them have their ain restriction and the inordinate usage or extraction could take to another job. Here each of them are discussed on single footing.Solar EnergyThe sunshine can be born-again into energy, frequently photo Gurs cells are used to hive away energy. It is chiefly used for the mantled of H2O warming and little graduated table power coevals. But it uses much infinite and produces comparatively less energy. Though there is no or really less fuelling and care exist, the sign hail is comparatively high. ( Singh, P, P and Singh, S, 2010 ) Enough sunlight hours are essential for this intent and bad conditions and cloudy status can impede the entire end product ( Chen, H. , 2010 ) . Policy support from politics, invention of new engineering and g etable market is all-important(a) to set up this energy in market, this type of energy publicity needs authorities subsidy and that indirectly increases the entire cost involved ( Reddy, S and Painuly, J, P,2004 ) .Beside the upfront initial cost there may be other cost such as to clean its by merchandise. In instance of solar energy it can be the cost to clean up the noxious chemicals like arsenous anhydride, Ga and Cd and the energy demand during the assiduity of spacious graduated table photovoltaic panels ( Tsoutsos, T, et. Al. 2005 ) . Distinct environmental effects during the installing stage of solar panels can be seen as it requires big shore up multitudes of approximately 5 to 10 estates /MW of installed capacity. Huge array of stacked mirrors might do opthalmic blight and shadowing from the solar cells could impact the micro clime. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) .Harmonizing to DuHamal, J, 2009, the Cato study says, A 1978 survey found that the stuffs required for therma l-solar undertakings were 1,000 times greater than for a likewise sized fossil-fuel installation, making significant incremental energy ingestion and industrial pollution. Energy ingestion associated with the large-scale industry of photovoltaic panels. So all these factors proves that beside the initial upfront cost there are other indirect costs those makes these beginnings rather expensive.Wind EnergyWind is seen as another major beginning of alternate energy. But it has restriction, as all the topographic points are non conform to for energy production. Wind power has low fringy cost and high proportion of metropolis cost ( Rosenbloom, E,2006 ) . The complexness of site and the likeliness of utmost burden find the building cost of walkover current farm. Difficult ground status like difficult stones, bog and really blowy site with high extreme tonss result in expensive civil building and higher specification of turbines. Additionally the cost of grid connexion is frequently af fected by the distance of production and usage. The mean cost of air current energy per unit of production depends on cardinal premises, such as the cost of capital and old ages of false service. ( http //www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/what-determines-the-financial-viability-of-a-wind-farm-1450645.html )Despite decennaries of broad subsidies, nevertheless, the cost of bring frontwarding electrical energy from air current stay pig-headedly wasteful in an progressively competitory electrical energy market. Many taking wind-power suppliers have encountered pecuniary trouble, and capacity retirements appear every bit probable as new undertakings in the United States without major new authorities subsidy. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) .On the environmental side, air current power is noisy, land- intensive, materials-intensive ( concrete and steel, in unexpended ) , a ocular blight, and a jeopardy to birds. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) To get the better of those impacts and to relocate or conserve unlike species of birds besides needs money. So the upfront cost and such bionomical job unitedly makes it further expensive.The inter- and intra-annual variableness of the air current resource, or alter other facets of the external conditions for air current developments. It is likely that as in other constituents of clime alteration there will be winners and losers split where air current energy developments may profit from clime alteration, and parts where the air current energy industry may be negatively impacted. ( Pryor, S.C. , and R.J. Barthelmie, R.J, 2010 ) . If the air current form alterations in the country of established air current farm due to climate alteration, it will non be possible to bring forth electricity and the big investing becomes worthless.Harmonizing to DuHamal, J. 2009, Denmark, the origination s most wind-intensive state, with more than 6,000 turbines bring forthing 19 % of its electricity, has yet to closed in(p) a idiosyncr atic fossil-fuel works, so this illustration shows that it is an expensive and small end product giving summons alternatively of big capital outgo.In Germany, Der Spiegel studies that Germany s CO2 emanation has nt been reduced by even a individual gm ( by constructing air current turbines ) and extra coal and gas fired workss have been constructed to guarantee dependable bringing ( Waldermann, A.,2009 ) .This illustration proves that alternatively of big outgo quiet down they can non be proved as a beginning of dependable supply of energy.Hydro PowerHydropower is the major renewable energy beginning. Large scale hydropower is frequently economically attractive unless requires grand get along of capital. ( McCully, P and Wong, S, 2004 ) . Small and micro hydro power are emerging as new beginning of energy, but these are the scattered beginnings and requires big amount of money to link with the state s chief grid. So either it needs to be consumed locally or necessitate immense outgo to link it to the chief grid.The environmental effects caused by a hydroelectric system can be extended. However, the extent differs from one undertaking to another. A reservoir-based hydroelectric system can do a figure of alterations to the ecosystem, including stratification, ace impregnation, fix H2O degrees, and deposit ( McCully, P and Wong, S, 2004 ) . The greatest impacts of hydroelectric undertakings are found in fish populations and, more specifically, pink-orange populations. A recent survey released by the World Commission on Dams, nevertheless, found that about hydroelectric systems release more nursery gases into the ambiance than make coal- eager power coevals. Disintegrating flora trapped in breathless H2O produces methane, which is 20 times more powerful as a nursery gas than C dioxide ( Anderson, H, 2001 ) . The big hydro power undertaking displaces huge country of human colony and that their resettlement cost immense sum of money.Wave And Tidal EnergyEner gy can be generated by utilizing the sea moving ridge or sea tides. A critical portion of this exercising is to corroborate that the degrees of energy in the sea waves around the seashore are of sufficient magnitude to do wave power echt advert as an alternate beginning of power.Wave energy produces useable electricity from the kinetic energy of ocean. But there may happen ecological and socio-economic challenges. Impacts on piscaries, marine transit, and some recreational activity and ecological branching could be expected ( COPC, 2008 ) . Those commercial activities like piscaries and marine transit could ensue economic pass thereby straight set uping people support.Frequently ecological issues emerge as major concern before or during the building of these types of undertakings. And the declaration of such issues could be either the closing of the undertaking or expensive alternate agreement.In Korea, the ambitious undertaking of building of a Tidal Power countersink at Garolim bay came under immense argument because of the possible environmental and ecological constipation, decrease in the tidal flat, debasement of saltwater quality that might do and be to retrieve the harm ( Lee, J, S and Hoonyoo, S,2009 ) . Such an illustration shows that these kinds of engineerings though seems renewable and less fouling but the cost involve in the palliation for the indirect harm could do it much more expensive.Bio PowerBio power is either generated by the burning of bio skunk or liquids derived from the works stuffs can be used for the replacing of fossil fuel. Bio-ethanol, an intoxicant can be made by fermenting the sugar constituents of the workss stuffs and is made largely from sugar and amylum harvests, where as bio diesel motor can be made from vegetable oil, animate being fat or recycled lubricating oil ( Guru, M. 2010 ) . The world-class coevals bio fuel implies intensive agricultural patterns ( e.g. the high application of fertiliser and pesticides ) ( Rus si, 2008 ) progressively it besides suggests that there will be competition for land usage and natural land ( forest and grassland ) , may then be converted into cultivable land it may besides vie with nutritious production, which causes increasing nourishing monetary values that will chiefly harm those on low or subsistence incomes.Large-scale energy agriculture could be damaging both in footings of land usage and the chemicals necessary to bring forth harvests. Though these produce less pollutants than fossil fuel, the demand of huge country shorten the land for nutrient production ( IEA, 2009 )Harmonizing to REN 2007, developing states as a group have more than 40 per centum of bing renewable power capacity, more than 70 per centum of bing solar hot H2O capacity, and 45 per centum of bio fuels production. But most of these states are fight to feed their people and ineffective to afford the initial upfront cost for these energies.Although biomass is a renewable resource, mu ch of it is presently used in ways that are neither renewable nor sustainable. In many parts of the universe, firewood is in progressively short supply as turning populations convert woods to agricultural lands and the staying trees are burned as fuel. As a consequence of short agricultural patterns, dirts in the U.S. Corn Belts are being eroded 18 times faster than they are being formed. ( Bradlely, R, L. , 1997 ) . So if the part of biomass to the universe energy economic system is to turn, technological inventions will be needed, so that biomass can be converted to useable energy in ways that are more efficient, less polluting, and at least every bit economical as today s practices.With the exclusion of bioethanol from Brazil, production costs of bio fuels are typically much higher than those of fossil fuels ( Thielmann, S, 2008 ) , this state of affairs makes it less executable economically.An survey done by Russi, D,2008, in Italy showed that the little benefits from the bio f uel would non be plenty to countervail the immense costs in footings of land demand if the mark of the European Directive 2003/30/EC were reached ( 5.75 % of the energy used for conveyance by 2010 ) the equivalent of about tierce of the Italian agricultural land would be needed.Geo Thermal Energygeothermal supplies more than 10,000 MW to 24 states world-wide and instanter produces adequate electricity to run into the demand of 60 million people ( Jonathan, D, 2008 ) . Iceland is widely considered the success narrative for this energy, this state is to the full powered by renewable energy with 17 % of electricity and 87 % of warming demands is provided by this energy. ( Blodgett, L. and Slack, K. , 2009 )Despite of these successes, this energy beginning is limited to some location of the Earth merely and it is non ever found economical and is unable to give end product as predicted antecedently. Production had fallen far short of projections made in the 1980sand even worsening becau se of the fickle end product from the figure of California belongingss and nationally, geothermic end product in 1995 was 14 per centum below 1994, a bead of 2.4 million kWh ( Blodgett, L. and Slack, K. , 2009 ) . They further mentioned that geothermal has turned out to be depletable, with limited capacity, falling end product, and modest new investingWhat could be the antecedent?There can non be a individual solution for this job. As the dodo fuel is consuming, it is indispensable to seek for another beginning for its replacing. It is non possible to trust in all on a individual beginning of energy. Mixing of energy beginnings and debut of energy efficient engineering could avail a batch to get the better of this crisis.Mix of energy beginningsAll the energy types can non be available everyplace, solar energy requires adequate solar radiation hours, wind energy demands adequate wind revivify and land, geothermic energy is confined on really few location of the Earth, moving ri dge and tidal energy demand suited coastal country, bio fuel demands for immense land area of land. So it is indispensable to blend up these renewable energies with the courtly 1. Countries with adequate coastal country should underscore on air current, wave or tidal energy and blend up this energy with the conventional 1. The states which are profuse on peculiar types of energy beginnings should advance that energy beginning. Though inordinate publicity of a individual type of energy beginning could be counterproductive. Excessive edifice of air current farm could impact on avian motion and even ensue the decease and monolithic graduated table air current farm can change or divert the air motion. Source Promotion of immense graduated table of bio- fuel can alter the natural ecosystem and the full cropping form taking to mass scale famishment. The economic and societal impact that cause may overweighs the benefit of bio fuel. Blending up of these renewable beginnings with conventi onal one, in fact, lengthen the life of dodo fuel where as supply more coiffe for the development of cheap and efficient more alternate beginnings of energies therefore procuring energy for future.Energy efficiencyEnergy demand is the effect of population growing and rapid development aided by inefficient usage of energy. Quickly turning halfway category prosperity is further striving the already overstretched energy substructure. Huge scope of electronics and vehicles are now within the budget of new emerging in-between category of developing universe, those are increasing the energy demand in that country. Not all the vehicles and electronics are good energy efficient, the less efficient these merchandises far spoil the energy usage.Change in consumer behavior could be another of import facet in this respect. For illustration, alternatively of promoting people to purchase their ain vehicles, policy should promote utilizing public transit and for that it is indispensable to do t he public transit efficient. Alternatively of doing capital intensive immense undertaking to bring forth energy, authorities should advance energy efficient engineering. The increased income and altering life manner is found as one of the of import implicit in causes of energy demand. The illustration of Hangzhou metropolis of China shows how the energy demands additions with economic prosperity, but it was non merely due to the economic betterment. Actually the state of affairs was farther worsen by the hapless thermic quality of the old bing edifice ( Ouyang, J, 2009 ) and that survey suggested to the redevelopment of bing old edifice for energy delivery and less CO2 emanation of the metropolis.Improvement in bing old edifices and building of new high acting edifices and houses are critical. In United States, the residential and commercial edifices together consumes 39 % of the primary energy that state consumes and 70 % of the electricity ( NERL, 2005 ) . High acting edifices a re designed to supply superior degrees of indoor pouffe and buoy uping while devouring important less energy than those run intoing minimal criterions for energy efficiency. In add-on these edifices incorporate energy- bring forthing engineerings such as photovoltaic ( PV ) solar electric system.Harmonizing to NREL, 2005, mid- term option such as cellulose based ethyl alcohol and stopper in intercrossed electric vehicles are engineerings in the ulterior phase of development, but they are still excessively expensive to vie in the market place. Though the engineering can turn low value works stuffs, such as maize chaffs, saw dust, waste paper and fast turning trees and grasses into ethyl alcohol and other valuable fuels and chemicals and could assist to cut down dependence on fossil fuel and nursery gas emanation but it is still excessively expensive ( NREL, 2005 ) and merely the publicity of such engineering can non assist ordinary people.A survey done by Michael, A, et. al. , in 20 09 on Potential benefits from improved energy efficiency of cardinal electrical merchandises ( family iceboxs, window air conditioners, motors and distribution transformers ) estimate that betterments to the four merchandises studied could cut down electricity ingestion in India by 54 TWh, or about 4.3 % of entire electricity demand in that twelvemonth. This is an of import consequence in itself, and suggests that several times this economy is accomplishable sing all merchandises. This survey proves that energy efficient engineering helps to procure energy for future in vivacious sense.DecisionThe development of scientific innovations changed the human civilization to greater extent. Discovery of fossil fuel and development of vehicles and industries together catalysed the procedure of development. But the inordinate and inefficient usage of these fixed stocks are now consuming quickly coercing us to happen out the option, beside this, the concern over the green house gas emanation is farther obliging us to deviate from the dodo fuel.Increasing population, particularly the turning in-between category of developing states are famished to energy as they are now able to afford most of the energy intensive engineerings. The inefficiency of those engineerings has farther additions the demand of energy. The quickly depleting beginnings of dodo fuel and environmental concern has diverted towards the renewable beginnings of energy, but most of them need upfront capital and more or less makes environmental harm and that increases the entire cost of the undertaking doing it further expensive. Assorted undertakings on renewable energy are unable to bring forth the adequate energy, sometimes non even the jutting one doing it undependable beginnings of energy.So it can non be possible to trust on merely one type of resource. Energy commixture, i.e. commixture of conventional and renewable could assist to give the best consequence, increasing the life of fossil fuel stock to some extent and leting clip to develop energy efficient renewable engineerings. Introduction of energy friendly engineerings in industries, concern, transit and family could significantly conserve the energy. Simply the recreation towards renewable energies becomes extremely expensive and merely the usage of dodo fuel could heighten planetary heating, so in my position it is much more indispensable to blend up these energies to do it low-cost and chair the cost of energy.